Endocrine organizational and activational influences on cognitive and affective circuits are likely critical to the development of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a sex-specific hormone-dependent mood disorder. An overview of the anatomical and functional neural characterization of this disorder is presented here by means of neuroimaging correlates, identified from eighteen publications (n = 361 subjects). While white matter integrity remains uninvestigated, greater cerebellar grey matter volume and metabolism were observed in patients with PMDD, along with altered serotonergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. Differential corticolimbic activation in response to emotional stimuli distinguishes the PMDD brain, namely enhanced amygdalar and diminished fronto-cortical function. Thus far, the emotional distress and dysregulation linked to PMDD seem to be defined by structural, chemical and functional brain signatures; however, their characterization remains sparsely studied and somewhat inconsistent. Clear and well-replicated neurobiological features of PMDD are needed to promote timely diagnoses and inform development of prevention and treatment strategies.

中文翻译：

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神经影像学经前烦躁症：系统和批判性审查

内分泌组织和激活对认知和情感回路的影响可能对经前焦虑症 (PMDD)（一种性别特异性激素依赖性情绪障碍）的发展至关重要。此处通过从 18 篇出版物（n = 361 名受试者）中确定的神经影像学相关性概述了这种疾病的解剖学和功能性神经特征。虽然白质完整性仍未得到研究，但在 PMDD 患者中观察到更大的小脑灰质体积和代谢，以及血清素能和 GABA 能神经传递的改变。响应情绪刺激的不同皮质边缘激活区分 PMDD 大脑，即增强的杏仁核和减弱的额皮质功能。迄今，与 PMDD 相关的情绪困扰和失调似乎是由结构、化学和功能性大脑特征定义的；然而，它们的特征仍然很少被研究并且有些不一致。PMDD 需要清晰且复制良好的神经生物学特征，以促进及时诊断并为预防和治疗策略的制定提供信息。