Abstract In this paper, we study the problem of integrated well pad development scheduling with nonlinear model predictive control based steam injection in steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD). The scheduling problem has been modeled as a mixed-integer program to find optimal development sequence and timing of multiple well-pads. Model predictive control problems are solved to find optimal steam injection profile such that the reservoir is under control. The integrated problem is solved using open-loop and closed-loop methods: (1) scheduling problem is only solved at the beginning of project operation, (2) Scheduling problem is solved every year with shrinking horizon implementation, and (3) shrinking horizon implementation of scheduling with reservoir model update based on feedback from control level. Simulation results demonstrate the benefits of closed-loop integrated scheduling and control: the NPV increase is 19%.

中文翻译：

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蒸汽辅助重力泄油中注汽控制集成井场开发调度

摘要 在本文中，我们研究了基于非线性模型预测控制的蒸汽辅助重力泄油（SAGD）注汽一体化井场开发调度问题。调度问题已被建模为一个混合整数程序，以找到多个井台的最佳开发顺序和时间。模型预测控制问题得到解决，以找到最佳蒸汽注入剖面，从而使储层处于控制之下。综合问题采用开环和闭环的方法解决：（1）调度问题只在项目运行开始时解决，（2）调度问题逐年解决，收缩范围实施，（3）收缩范围基于控制级反馈的油藏模型更新调度的实施。