AIMS To determine whether ginsenoside Rg1 is involved in scratch wound healing through altered expression of related molecules in astrocytes and improved functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Astrocytes were isolated from rats, followed by Rg1 treatment. The wound healing test was performed to observe the scratch wound healing in different groups. The expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and components of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway were detected by western blot. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the altered expression of laminin (LN) and fibronectin (FN). A revised Allen's method for the SCI model was performed, followed by Rg1 treatment. Then, functional scoring was conducted to evaluate the functional recovery. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining showed changes in the void area. Finally, western blot assessed the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). KEY FINDINGS Rg1 mediated scratch wound healing through inducing an increased release of LN, FN, NGF, GDNF, and bFGF in vitro. Additionally, Rg1 activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and promoted the functional recovery of hindlimb movement in rats. Furthermore, Rg1 significantly reduced the void area and downregulated the expression of GFAP and CSPGs. SIGNIFICANCE Rg1 not only enhanced the scratch wound repair in vitro through the release of astroglial neurotrophic factors, adhesion factors, and inhibitory factors, but it also improved the functional recovery in vivo following SCI.

中文翻译：

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人参皂苷Rg1诱导的星形胶质细胞活化在脊髓损伤后通过PI3K / Akt信号通路促进功能恢复。

目的确定人参皂苷Rg1是否通过改变星形胶质细胞中相关分子的表达和改善脊髓损伤（SCI）后的功能恢复而参与了划痕伤口的愈合。材料与方法从大鼠中分离出星形胶质细胞，然后进行Rg1处理。进行伤口愈合测试以观察不同组中的划痕伤口愈合。神经生长因子（NGF），神经胶质细胞源性神经营养因子（GDNF），碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）以及磷酸肌醇3激酶（PI3K）/蛋白激酶B（Akt）信号通路的成分的表达分别为通过蛋白质印迹检测。逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）用于测量层粘连蛋白（LN）和纤连蛋白（FN）的表达变化。对SCI模型执行了修订的Allen方法，然后进行Rg1治疗。然后，进行功能评分以评估功能恢复。苏木精-曙红（HE）染色显示空隙区域发生变化。最后，western blot评估了神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）和硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖（CSPGs）的表达。主要发现Rg1通过诱导体外释放LN，FN，NGF，GDNF和bFGF释放的增加来介导刮擦伤口愈合。此外，Rg1激活了PI3K / Akt信号通路，并促进了大鼠后肢运动的功能恢复。此外，Rg1大大减少了空隙面积，并下调了GFAP和CSPGs的表达。意义Rg1不仅通过释放星形胶质神经营养因子，粘附因子和抑制因子来增强体外划痕伤口的修复，