Significant advances in the treatment of HIV infection have been made in the last three decades. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is now potent enough to prevent virus replication and stop disease progression. However, ART alone does not cure the infection, primarily because HIV can persist in stable long-term reservoir cells including latently-infected CD4 + T cells. A central goal of the HIV research field is to devise strategies to eliminate these reservoirs and thereby develop a cure for HIV. This requires robust in vivo model systems to facilitate both the further characterization of persistent HIV reservoirs and evaluation of methods for eliminating latent virus. Humanized mice have proven to be versatile experimental models for studying many basic aspects of HIV biology. These models consist of immunodeficient mice transplanted with human cells or tissues, which allows development of a human immune system that supports robust infection with HIV. There are many potential applications for new generations of humanized mouse models in investigating HIV reservoirs and latency, but these models also involve caveats that are important to consider in experimental design and interpretation. This review briefly discusses some of the key strengths and limitations of humanized mouse models in HIV persistence studies.

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人源化小鼠在 HIV 持久性研究中的优势和局限性

在过去的三十年里，艾滋病毒感染的治疗取得了重大进展。抗逆转录病毒疗法 (ART) 现在足以防止病毒复制和阻止疾病进展。然而，单独的 ART 并不能治愈感染，主要是因为 HIV 可以在稳定的长期储存细胞中持续存在，包括潜伏感染的 CD4 + T 细胞。HIV 研究领域的一个中心目标是制定消除这些病毒库的策略，从而开发出治愈 HIV 的方法。这需要强大的体内模型系统，以促进持久性 HIV 储存库的进一步表征和消除潜伏病毒的方法评估。人源化小鼠已被证明是研究 HIV 生物学许多基本方面的多功能实验模型。这些模型由移植了人类细胞或组织的免疫缺陷小鼠组成，这使得人类免疫系统得以发展，从而支持强大的 HIV 感染。新一代人源化小鼠模型在研究 HIV 病毒库和潜伏期方面有许多潜在应用，但这些模型也涉及在实验设计和解释中需要考虑的重要注意事项。本综述简要讨论了 HIV 持久性研究中人源化小鼠模型的一些关键优势和局限性。但这些模型也涉及在实验设计和解释中需要考虑的重要警告。本综述简要讨论了 HIV 持久性研究中人源化小鼠模型的一些关键优势和局限性。但这些模型也涉及在实验设计和解释中需要考虑的重要警告。本综述简要讨论了 HIV 持久性研究中人源化小鼠模型的一些关键优势和局限性。