Recombinant protein production can be stressful to the host organism. The extent of stress is determined by the specific properties of the recombinant transcript and protein, by the rates of transcription and translation, and by the environmental conditions encountered during the production process. The impact of the transcription of the T7-promoter controlled genes encoding human basic fibroblast growth factor (hFGF-2) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) as well as the translation into the recombinant protein on the growth properties of the production host E. coli BL21(DE3) were investigated. This was done by using expression vectors where the promoter region or the ribosome binding site(s) or both were removed. It is shown that already transcription without protein translation imposes a metabolic burden on the host cell. Translation of the transcript into large amounts of a properly folded protein does not show any effect on cell growth in the best case, e.g. high-level production of GFP in Luria–Bertani medium. However, translation appears to contribute to the metabolic burden if it is connected to protein folding associated problems, e.g. inclusion body formation. The so-called metabolic burden of recombinant protein production is mainly attributed to transcription but can be enhanced through translation and those processes following translation (e.g. protein folding and degradation, heat-shock responses).

中文翻译：

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重组蛋白生产相关的生长抑制主要由转录而非翻译引起


重组蛋白的生产可能会给宿主生物带来压力。应激的程度取决于重组转录物和蛋白质的具体性质、转录和翻译的速率以及生产过程中遇到的环境条件。 T7启动子控制的编码人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（hFGF-2）和绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）的基因的转录以及翻译成重组蛋白对生产宿主大肠杆菌生长特性的影响对BL21(DE3)进行了研究。这是通过使用表达载体来完成的，其中启动子区域或核糖体结合位点或两者都被去除。研究表明，没有蛋白质翻译的转录已经给宿主细胞带来了代谢负担。在最好的情况下，例如在 Luria-Bertani 培养基中高水平生产 GFP，将转录物翻译成大量正确折叠的蛋白质不会对细胞生长产生任何影响。然而，如果翻译与蛋白质折叠相关问题（例如包涵体形成）有关，那么它似乎会增加代谢负担。重组蛋白生产的所谓代谢负担主要归因于转录，但可以通过翻译和翻译后的那些过程（例如蛋白质折叠和降解、热休克反应）来增强。