Evolutionary studies of insect pests improve our ability to anticipate problems in agricultural ecosystems, such as pest outbreaks, control failures, or expansions of the host range. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the evolutionary processes behind the recent census size expansion and local adaptation of Chrysodeixis includens. First, we sequenced mitochondrial markers to conduct a phylogeographic investigation of C. includens historical processes. Then, we combined a de novo genotyping‐by‐sequencing approach with a study of agricultural landscapes to uncover recent processes of adaptation. Primarily, we found low genetic diversity across all markers and clear indications of a recent demographic expansion. We also found a lack of significant isolation by distance (IBD), and weak or absent genetic structure considering geographic locations. However, we did find initial signs of population differentiation that were associated with host plant types (i.e., soybean and cotton). Agricultural landscape attributes, including soybean crops, were significantly associated with putative markers under positive selection. Moreover, positive selection associated with host differentiation was putatively linked to digestive enzymes. This study showed how landscape composition and host plants can affect the evolutionary process of agricultural pest insects such as C. includens.

中文翻译：

---

大豆尺蠖（Chrysodeixis）的种群扩张和对农业环境的基因组适应。


害虫的进化研究提高了我们预测农业生态系统问题的能力，例如害虫爆发、控制失败或宿主范围扩大。在这里，我们研究了Chrysodeixis includens最近的人口普查规模扩大和局部适应背后的进化过程的机制。首先，我们对线粒体标记进行了测序，以对C. includens的历史过程进行系统发育地理学研究。然后，我们将从头测序基因分型方法与农业景观研究相结合，以揭示最近的适应过程。首先，我们发现所有标记的遗传多样性都很低，并且有明显的迹象表明最近的人口扩张。我们还发现缺乏显着的距离隔离（IBD），并且考虑地理位置的遗传结构较弱或不存在。然而，我们确实发现了与寄主植物类型（即大豆和棉花）相关的种群分化的初步迹象。农业景观属性，包括大豆作物，与正选择下的假定标记显着相关。此外，与宿主分化相关的正选择被认为与消化酶有关。这项研究展示了景观组成和寄主植物如何影响农业害虫（例如C. includens）的进化过程。