Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and occurs in ~25% of patients with heart failure (HF). Patients with co‐morbid HF and T2DM are at elevated risk of adverse outcomes, making optimization of complementary drug therapies essential. While research is ongoing, recent advances in drug therapy, including the introduction of sacubitril/valsartan for HF with reduced ejection fraction and the finding of positive cardiovascular effects of glucose‐lowering agents (particularly sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 [SGLT2] inhibitors) have the potential to transform pharmacologic management of co‐morbid HF and T2DM. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of cardiovascular clinical trials of therapies for HF and diabetes mellitus to date and identify areas requiring further investigation. We also discuss the pathophysiologic overlap of the two diseases and explore the complementary therapeutic effects of HF and T2DM drugs, with a particular focus on sacubitril/valsartan and SGLT2 inhibitors.

中文翻译：

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心力衰竭和2型糖尿病的管理：最大化补充药物治疗。

2型糖尿病（T2DM）是心血管疾病的主要危险因素，约25％的心力衰竭（HF）患者发生。HF和T2DM合并症患者的不良结局风险较高，因此优化辅助药物治疗至关重要。尽管研究仍在进行中，但药物治疗方面的最新进展包括为射血分数降低的心律失常引入沙比特利/缬沙坦，以及发现了降糖药（尤其是钠葡萄糖共转运蛋白2 [SGLT2]抑制剂）对心血管的积极作用）有可能改变合并病性HF和T2DM的药理管理。在这篇综述中，我们提供了迄今为止针对心衰和糖尿病的心血管临床试验的全面概述，并确定了需要进一步研究的领域。