Developing invasive plant management strategies is an important task in modern ecology, conservation biology and land management. Solidago gigantea is considered a problematic invader in Europe and Asia, where it forms dominant stands that can decrease species diversity. There is, therefore, an urgent need for effective management to reduce S. gigantea infestations and their negative impacts. We examined the efficacy of multiple approaches to S. gigantea management in Hungary. In our study, we evaluated the effect of several long‐term management techniques such as grazing, mowing and periodic flooding on the invader's density as well as native community diversity. In addition, we investigated the short‐ and long‐term effects of mowing combined with other treatment options, to estimate the influence of increased management intensity. Our results indicate that all tested management techniques had negative impacts on S. gigantea density. Short‐term mowing did not appear to improve species diversity in the resident community; however, all long‐term options improved species diversity. Moreover, combining treatments with mowing varied in its effectiveness; mowing once increased the efficacy of flooding, but decreased the efficacy of grazing, while mowing twice decreased efficacy of flooding. We suspect this is due to the increased intensity of disturbance, which does not allow for the natural recovery of communities, and after management ceases, invasion is able to re‐occur. Our results indicate that for effective management, we need to combine management options which act via different mechanisms, leading to cumulative positive effects on the resident community when applied at moderate levels.

中文翻译：

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我们做的越多，得到的就越少？在管理一枝黄花入侵的努力和功效之间取得平衡

制定入侵植物管理策略是现代生态学、保护生物学和土地管理的一项重要任务。Solidago gigantea 在欧洲和亚洲被认为是一个有问题的入侵者，在那里它形成了可以降低物种多样性的优势林分。因此，迫切需要有效的管理以减少 S. gigantea 的侵扰及其负面影响。我们检查了匈牙利 S. gigantea 管理的多种方法的有效性。在我们的研究中，我们评估了几种长期管理技术（例如放牧、割草和定期洪水）对入侵者密度和本地群落多样性的影响。此外，我们调查了割草结合其他治疗方案的短期和长期影响，以估计增加管理强度的影响。我们的结果表明，所有经过测试的管理技术对 S. gigantea 密度都有负面影响。短期割草似乎没有改善居民社区的物种多样性；然而，所有长期选择都改善了物种多样性。此外，将治疗与割草相结合的效果各不相同。割草一次提高灌水效率，但降低放牧效率，割草两次降低灌水效率。我们怀疑这是由于干扰强度的增加导致社区无法自然恢复，并且在管理停止后，入侵可能会再次发生。我们的结果表明，为了有效的管理，我们需要结合通过不同机制起作用的管理选项，