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Low‐PGM and PGM‐Free Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Stability Challenges and Material Solutions
Advanced Materials ( IF 27.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-02 , DOI: 10.1002/adma.201908232 Lei Du 1 , Venkateshkumar Prabhakaran 2 , Xiaohong Xie 2 , Sehkyu Park 2 , Yong Wang 1, 2 , Yuyan Shao 2
Advanced Materials ( IF 27.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-02 , DOI: 10.1002/adma.201908232 Lei Du 1 , Venkateshkumar Prabhakaran 2 , Xiaohong Xie 2 , Sehkyu Park 2 , Yong Wang 1, 2 , Yuyan Shao 2
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Fuel cells as an attractive clean energy technology have recently regained popularity in academia, government, and industry. In a mainstream proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell, platinum‐group‐metal (PGM)‐based catalysts account for ≈50% of the projected total cost for large‐scale production. To lower the cost, two materials‐based strategies have been pursued: 1) to decrease PGM catalyst usage (so‐called low‐PGM catalysts), and 2) to develop alternative PGM‐free catalysts. Grand stability challenges exist when PGM catalyst loading is decreased in a membrane electrode assembly (MEA)—the power generation unit of a PEM fuel cell—or when PGM‐free catalysts are integrated into an MEA. More importantly, there is a significant knowledge gap between materials innovation and device integration. For example, high‐performance electrocatalysts usually demonstrate undesired quick degradation in MEAs. This issue significantly limits the development of PEM fuel cells. Herein, recent progress in understanding the degradation of low‐PGM and PGM‐free catalysts in fuel cell MEAs and materials‐based solutions to address these issues are reviewed. The key factors that degrade the MEA performance are highlighted. Innovative, emerging material concepts and development of low‐PGM and PGM‐free catalysts are discussed.
中文翻译：
用于质子交换膜燃料电池的低PGM和无PGM催化剂：稳定性挑战和材料解决方案
燃料电池作为一种有吸引力的清洁能源技术最近在学术界，政府和工业界重新流行。在主流的质子交换膜（PEM）燃料电池中，铂族金属（PGM）基催化剂占大规模生产预计总成本的约50％。为了降低成本，已经采取了两种基于材料的策略：1）减少PGM催化剂的使用量（所谓的低PGM催化剂），以及2）开发替代无PGM的催化剂。当降低膜电极组件（MEA）（PEM燃料电池的发电单元）中的PGM催化剂载量或将无PGM的催化剂集成到MEA中时，存在巨大的稳定性挑战。更重要的是，材料创新与设备集成之间存在巨大的知识鸿沟。例如，高性能电催化剂通常在MEA中表现出不希望的快速降解。这个问题极大地限制了PEM燃料电池的发展。在此，回顾了了解燃料电池MEA中低PGM和无PGM催化剂的降解以及解决这些问题的基于材料的解决方案方面的最新进展。突出了降低MEA性能的关键因素。讨论了创新的，新兴的材料概念以及低PGM和无PGM催化剂的开发。
更新日期：2020-04-02
中文翻译：
用于质子交换膜燃料电池的低PGM和无PGM催化剂：稳定性挑战和材料解决方案
燃料电池作为一种有吸引力的清洁能源技术最近在学术界，政府和工业界重新流行。在主流的质子交换膜（PEM）燃料电池中，铂族金属（PGM）基催化剂占大规模生产预计总成本的约50％。为了降低成本，已经采取了两种基于材料的策略：1）减少PGM催化剂的使用量（所谓的低PGM催化剂），以及2）开发替代无PGM的催化剂。当降低膜电极组件（MEA）（PEM燃料电池的发电单元）中的PGM催化剂载量或将无PGM的催化剂集成到MEA中时，存在巨大的稳定性挑战。更重要的是，材料创新与设备集成之间存在巨大的知识鸿沟。例如，高性能电催化剂通常在MEA中表现出不希望的快速降解。这个问题极大地限制了PEM燃料电池的发展。在此，回顾了了解燃料电池MEA中低PGM和无PGM催化剂的降解以及解决这些问题的基于材料的解决方案方面的最新进展。突出了降低MEA性能的关键因素。讨论了创新的，新兴的材料概念以及低PGM和无PGM催化剂的开发。
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