Microwave sensors based on microstrip antennas are promising as wearable devices because of their flexibility and wireless communication compatibility. However, their sensitivity is limited due to the reduced sensor size and the potential of biochemical monitoring needs to be explored. In this work, we present a new concept to enhance the microwave signals using nanostrip-based metamaterials. The introduction of the nanostrip structures was achieved by theory and simulations. Experiments prove their enhancement of the electric field and sensing response in the characteristic gigahertz (GHz) wave band. Ordered nanostrips were fabricated on a plastic substrate through a simple nanoscale printing approach. Glucose oxidase is directly doped into the nanostrips, which enables a flexible wearable enzymatic biosensor for glucose sensing. Sensing experiments demonstrated that the nanostrip biosensor gives excellent performance for glucose detection, including high sensitivity, fast response, low detection limit, high affinity, and low power consumption. The applicability of the nanostrip-based sensor as a wearable epidermal device for real-time noninvasive monitoring of glucose in sweat is verified as well.

中文翻译：

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纳米带柔性微波酶生物传感器，用于无创表皮葡萄糖感测。

基于微带天线的微波传感器具有灵活性和无线通信兼容性，因此有望成为可穿戴设备。但是，由于传感器尺寸的减小，它们的灵敏度受到限制，需要探索生物化学监测的潜力。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个新的概念，以使用基于纳米带的超材料增强微波信号。通过理论和模拟实现了纳米带结构的引入。实验证明，它们可以增强特征千兆赫（GHz）波段中的电场和感应响应。通过简单的纳米级印刷方法，在塑料基板上制造了有序的纳米带。葡萄糖氧化酶直接掺杂到纳米带中，从而可以实现用于葡萄糖传感的灵活的可穿戴酶生物传感器。传感实验表明，纳米带生物传感器具有出色的葡萄糖检测性能，包括高灵敏度，快速响应，低检测限，高亲和力和低功耗。还验证了基于纳米带的传感器作为可穿戴式表皮设备的适用性，用于实时无创监测汗液中的葡萄糖。