Metasurfaces have found broad applicability in free-space optics, while its potential to tailor guided waves remains barely explored. By synergizing the Jones matrix model with generalized Snell’s law under the phase-matching condition, we propose a universal design strategy for versatile on-chip mode-selective coupling with polarization sensitivity, multiple working wavelengths, and high efficiency concurrently. The coupling direction, operation frequency, and excited mode type can be designed at will for arbitrary incident polarizations, outperforming previous technology that only works for specific polarizations and lacks versatile mode controllability. Here, using silicon-nanoantenna-patterned silicon-nitride photonic waveguides, we numerically demonstrate a set of chip-scale optical couplers around 1.55 μm, including mode-selective directional couplers with high coupling efficiency over 57% and directivity about 23 dB. Polarization and wavelength demultiplexer scenarios are also proposed with 67% maximum efficiency and an extinction ratio of 20 dB. Moreover, a chip-integrated twisted light generator, coupling free-space linear polarization into an optical vortex carrying 1ℏ orbital angular momentum (OAM), is also reported to validate the mode-control flexibility. This comprehensive method may motivate compact wavelength/polarization (de)multiplexers, multifunctional mode converters, on-chip OAM generators for photonic integrated circuits, and high-speed optical telecommunications.

中文翻译：

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使用集成介电超表面实现从任意偏振到受控波导模式的多功能片上光耦合和（解）复用

超表面在自由空间光学中具有广泛的适用性，而其定制导波的潜力仍然很少被探索。通过在相位匹配条件下将琼斯矩阵模型与广义斯涅耳定律相结合，我们提出了一种通用设计策略，用于同时具有偏振灵敏度、多工作波长和高效率的通用片上模式选择耦合。耦合方向、工作频率和激发模式类型可以针对任意入射偏振随意设计，优于以前仅适用于特定偏振且缺乏通用模式可控性的技术。在这里，我们使用硅纳米天线图案化的氮化硅光子波导，在数值上展示了一组大约 1.55 μm 的芯片级光耦合器，包括模式选择定向耦合器，耦合效率超过 57%，方向性约为 23 dB。还提出了具有 67% 最大效率和 20 dB 消光比的偏振和波长解复用器方案。此外，还报道了一种芯片集成的扭曲光发生器，将自由空间线性偏振耦合到携带 1ℏ 轨道角动量 (OAM) 的光学涡流中，以验证模式控制的灵活性。这种综合方法可以推动紧凑型波长/偏振（解）复用器、多功能模式转换器、用于光子集成电路的片上 OAM 发生器和高速光通信。还提出了具有 67% 最大效率和 20 dB 消光比的偏振和波长解复用器方案。此外，还报道了一种芯片集成的扭曲光发生器，将自由空间线性偏振耦合到携带 1ℏ 轨道角动量 (OAM) 的光学涡流中，以验证模式控制的灵活性。这种综合方法可以推动紧凑型波长/偏振（解）复用器、多功能模式转换器、用于光子集成电路的片上 OAM 发生器和高速光通信。还提出了具有 67% 最大效率和 20 dB 消光比的偏振和波长解复用器方案。此外，还报道了一种芯片集成的扭曲光发生器，将自由空间线性偏振耦合到携带 1ℏ 轨道角动量 (OAM) 的光学涡流中，以验证模式控制的灵活性。这种综合方法可以推动紧凑型波长/偏振（解）复用器、多功能模式转换器、用于光子集成电路的片上 OAM 发生器和高速光通信。