The real-time measurement of the polarization and phase information of light is very important and desirable in optics. Metasurfaces can be used to achieve flexible wavefront control and can therefore be used to replace traditional optical elements to produce a highly integrated and extremely compact optical system. Here, we propose an efficient and compact optical multiparameter detection system based on a Hartmann–Shack array with 2×2 subarray metalenses. This system not only enables the efficient and accurate measurement of the spatial polarization profiles of optical beams via the inspection of foci amplitudes, but also measures the phase and phase-gradient profiles by analyzing foci displacements. In this work, details of the design of the elliptical silicon pillars for the metalens are described, and we achieve a high average focusing efficiency of 48% and a high spatial resolution. The performance of the system is validated by the experimental measurement of 22 scalar polarized beams, an azimuthally polarized beam, a radially polarized beam, and a vortex beam. The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.

中文翻译：

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用于高效光学多参数检测系统的基于介电元透镜的 Hartmann-Shack 阵列

光的偏振和相位信息的实时测量在光学中是非常重要和可取的。超表面可用于实现灵活的波前控制，因此可用于替代传统的光学元件，以产生高度集成且极其紧凑的光学系统。在这里，我们提出了一种高效紧凑的光学多参数检测系统，该系统基于具有 2×2 子阵列超透镜的 Hartmann-Shack 阵列。该系统不仅可以通过检查焦点幅度来高效准确地测量光束的空间偏振分布，还可以通过分析焦点位移来测量相位和相位梯度分布。在这项工作中，描述了用于元透镜的椭圆形硅柱的设计细节，我们实现了 48% 的高平均聚焦效率和高空间分辨率。该系统的性能通过 22 个标量偏振光束、一个方位偏振光束、一个径向偏振光束和一个涡旋光束的实验测量得到验证。实验结果与理论预测非常吻合。