Femtosecond mode-locked laser frequency combs have served as the cornerstone in precision spectroscopy, all-optical atomic clocks, and measurements of ultrafast dynamics. Recently frequency microcombs based on nonlinear microresonators have been examined, exhibiting remarkable precision approaching that of laser frequency combs, on a solid-state chip-scale platform and from a fundamentally different physical origin. Despite recent successes, to date, the real-time dynamical origins and high-power stabilities of such frequency microcombs have not been fully addressed. Here, we unravel the transitional dynamics of frequency microcombs from chaotic background routes to femtosecond mode-locking in real time, enabled by our ultrafast temporal magnifier metrology and improved stability of dispersion-managed dissipative solitons. Through our dispersion-managed oscillator, we further report a stability zone that is more than an order-of-magnitude larger than its prior static homogeneous counterparts, providing a novel platform for understanding ultrafast dissipative dynamics and offering a new path towards high-power frequency microcombs.

飞秒锁模激光频率梳已经成为精密光谱学，全光原子钟和超快动力学测量的基石。最近，已经研究了基于非线性微谐振器的频率微梳，在固态芯片规模的平台上，并且从根本上不同的物理起源来看，它表现出接近激光频率梳的卓越精度。尽管最近取得了成功，但迄今为止，此类频率微梳的实时动态起源和高功率稳定性尚未得到充分解决。在这里，我们通过超快的时间放大器计量学和改进的色散管理耗散孤子的稳定性，揭示了频率微梳实时从混沌背景路线到飞秒锁模的过渡动力学。