The president and all 50 governors have declared health emergencies to counteract the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While researchers race to develop vaccines, officials are implementing physical distancing, including orders to stay at home, restricting travel, and closing nonessential businesses (see eFigure in the Supplement). To limit crossborder spread, more than a dozen states have issued mandatory quarantines for interstate travelers. Some models suggest physical distancing would have to persist for 3 months to mitigate the peak effects on health systems and could be required on an intermittent basis for 12 to 18 months.1 What legal powers do governments have? What is the role of the courts? How can public health be balanced with personal and economic rights?

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 大流行期间的政府公共卫生权力

总统和所有 50 位州长已宣布进入卫生紧急状态，以遏制导致 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 的严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 的传播。在研究人员竞相开发疫苗的同时，官员们正在实施物理隔离措施，包括待在家中、限制旅行和关闭非必要业务的命令（参见补充中的 eFigure）。为了限制跨境传播，十多个州已对州际旅客发布强制隔离措施。一些模型表明，物理距离必须持续 3 个月才能减轻对卫生系统的高峰影响，并且可能需要间歇性地保持 12 到 18 个月。1 政府有哪些法律权力？法院的作用是什么？如何在公共卫生与个人和经济权利之间取得平衡？