Abstract

Due to its unique physical structure and chemical properties, graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs) and derived commodities have been widely used in commercial products, particularly biomedical applications, which has significantly increased the risk of human exposure. There exists significant evidence that GFNs are accumulated in a number of tissues and organs through different exposure pathways, and further cause toxicity manifested as lesions or functional impairment. Moreover, GFNs can be internalized by varing cell types and induce cytoskeletal disorders, organelle dysfunction, and interact directly with biological macromolecules such as DNA, mRNA and proteins, ultimately resulting in greater rates of cell apoptosis, necrosis and autophagic cell death. The toxicological effect of GFN is closely related to its lateral size, surface structure, functionalization, and propensity to adsorb proteins. Using major data published over the past four years, this review presents and summarizes state of current understanding of GFN toxicology and identifies current deficiencies and challenges. This review aims to help improve evaluation of the biocompatibility of GFNs and provides theoretical guidance for their safe application.

中文翻译：

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石墨烯族纳米材料的毒理学数据：更新。

摘要

由于其独特的物理结构和化学性质，石墨烯族纳米材料（GFN）和衍生的商品已广泛用于商业产品，特别是生物医学应用，这大大增加了人类暴露的风险。有大量证据表明，GFN通过不同的暴露途径积累在许多组织和器官中，并进一步导致表现为损害或功能损害的毒性。此外，GFN可以通过改变细胞类型而内化并诱导细胞骨架疾病，细胞器功能障碍，并直接与生物大分子（例如DNA，mRNA和蛋白质）相互作用，最终导致更高的细胞凋亡率，坏死率和自噬细胞死亡率。GFN的毒理作用与其横向尺寸，表面结构，功能化和吸附蛋白质的倾向。本文使用过去四年中发布的主要数据，总结并总结了目前对GFN毒理学的了解，并指出了当前的不足和挑战。这篇综述旨在帮助改善对GFNs生物相容性的评估，并为它们的安全应用提供理论指导。