This work presents an affordable distance-based microfluidic paper-based device (μPAD), using polydiacetylene (PDA) liposome as a chromogenic substance with a smartphone-based photo editor, for rapid and in-field analysis of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) (e.g., didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), benzyldimethyltetradecyl ammonium chloride (BAC), and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)). In-field analysis of these compounds is important to ensure their antimicrobial activity and user safety since they are widely utilized as disinfectants in households and hospitals. The μPAD featured a thermometer-like shape consisting of a sample reservoir and a microchannel as the detection zone, which was pre-deposited with PDA liposome. The color change from blue to red appeared in the presence of QACs and the color bar lengths were proportional to the QAC concentrations. Reactions of QACs with the PDA required a specific pH range (from pH 4.0 to 10.0) and a readout time of 7 min. Analytical performance characteristics of the device were tested with DDAC, BAC, and CPC showing acceptable specificity, accuracy (96.1-109.4%), and precision (%RSDs ≤ 9.3%). Limits of detection and quantitation were in the ranges of 20 to 80 and 70 to 250 μM, respectively. Feasibility of the newly developed device was demonstrated for in-field analysis of QACs in fumigation solution providing comparable results with those obtained from a colorimetric assay (P > 0.05). The proposed device shows potentials for further applications of other analytes since it offers speed, simplicity, and affordability for in-field analysis, especially in remote areas where expertise, resources, and infrastructures are limited. Graphical abstract.

中文翻译：

---

使用聚二乙炔脂质体作为生色物质的基于距离的纸质设备，用于快速和现场分析季铵化合物。

这项工作提出了一种价格合理的基于距离的微流控纸基设备（μPAD），该设备使用聚二乙炔（PDA）脂质体作为生色物质，并带有基于智能手机的照片编辑器，用于快速和现场分析季铵化合物（QAC）（例如，二癸基二甲基氯化铵（DDAC），苄基二甲基十四烷基氯化铵（BAC）和十六烷基吡啶鎓氯化物（CPC））。这些化合物的现场分析对于确保其抗菌活性和使用者安全至关重要，因为它们在家庭和医院中被广泛用作消毒剂。μPAD具有类似温度计的形状，由样品容器和微通道组成，该微通道已预先沉积有PDA脂质体。在存在QAC的情况下，颜色从蓝色变为红色，并且颜色条的长度与QAC浓度成正比。QAC与PDA的反应需要特定的pH范围（pH 4.0至10.0），读数时间为7分钟。使用DDAC，BAC和CPC对设备的分析性能特征进行了测试，显示出可接受的特异性，准确性（96.1-109.4％）和精度（％RSDs≤9.3％）。检测和定量限分别在20至80和70至250μM的范围内。新开发的装置用于熏蒸溶液中QAC的现场分析证明了其可行性，与通过比色测定获得的结果具有可比性（P> 0.05）。拟议的设备具有快速，简便，易用的特点，显示出了进一步应用其他分析物的潜力。以及现场分析的可承受性，尤其是在专业知识，资源和基础设施有限的偏远地区。图形概要。