Introduction

The nature of the surface is critical in determining the biological activity of silica powders. A novel correlation between toxicity and surface properties of bioactive glass ceramics (BGCs) synthesized via the sol–gel method was attempted in this study.

Methods

The behavior of BGCs after their attachment to the surface of red blood cells (RBCs) was evaluated and their toxic effects were determined based on hemolysis, membrane injury via anti-phosphotyrosine immunoblot of Band 3, lipid peroxidation, potential to generate reactive oxygen species, and antioxidant enzyme production. In particular, three BGCs were synthesized and treated at three sintering temperatures (T1 = 835 °C, T2 = 1000 °C and T3 = 1100 °C) to investigate possible relation between surface charge or structure and hemolytic potential.

Results

Their toxicity based on hemolysis was dose dependent, while BGC-T2 had the best hemocompatibility in compare with the other BGCs.No BGCs in dosages lower than 0.125 mg/mL could damage erythrocytes. On the other hand, all BGCs promoted the production of reactive oxygen species in certain concentrations, with the BGC-T2 producing the lowest ROS and increasing the glutathione levels in RBCs protecting their damage.

Conclusions

The results suggest that various factors such as size, a probable different proportion of surface silanols, a balanced mechanism between calcium and magnesium cellular uptake or the different crystalline nature may have contributed to this finding; however, future research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms.

中文翻译：

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生物活性玻璃纳米陶瓷烧结温度对红细胞溶血活性和氧化应激生物标志物的影响。

介绍

表面性质对于确定二氧化硅粉末的生物活性至关重要。本研究试图在通过溶胶-凝胶法合成的生物活性玻璃陶瓷 (BGC) 的毒性和表面性质之间建立新的相关性。

方法

评估 BGC 在附着于红细胞 (RBC) 表面后的行为，并根据溶血、通过带 3 的抗磷酸酪氨酸免疫印迹的膜损伤、脂质过氧化、产生活性氧的潜力确定其毒性作用，和抗氧化酶的产生。特别是，合成了三个 BGC，并在三个烧结温度（T1 = 835 °C、T2 = 1000 °C 和 T3 = 1100 °C）下进行处理，以研究表面电荷或结构与溶血电位之间的可能关系。

结果

其溶血毒性呈剂量依赖性，而BGC-T2与其他BGCs相比具有最好的血液相容性。低于0.125 mg/mL的BGCs对红细胞无损伤。另一方面，所有 BGC 都促进了一定浓度的活性氧物质的产生，其中 BGC-T2 产生最低的 ROS 并增加 RBC 中的谷胱甘肽水平来保护它们的损伤。

结论

结果表明，各种因素，如尺寸、表面硅醇的可能不同比例、钙和镁细胞摄取之间的平衡机制或不同的结晶性质可能促成了这一发现。然而，需要未来的研究来阐明潜在的机制。