Rhythms in immunity manifest in multiple ways, but perhaps most prominently by the recurrent onset of inflammation at specific times of day. These patterns are of importance to understand human disease and are caused, in many instances, by the action of neutrophils, a myeloid leukocyte with striking circadian features. The neutrophil's short life, marked diurnal variations in number, and changes in phenotype while in the circulation, help explain the temporal features of inflammatory disease but also uncover core features of neutrophil physiology. Here, we summarize well-established concepts and introduce recent discoveries in the biology of these cells as they relate to circadian rhythms. We highlight that although the circadian features of neutrophils are better known and relevant to understand disease, they may also influence important aspects of organ function even in the steady-state. Finally, we discuss the possibility of targeting these temporal features of neutrophils for therapeutic benefit.

中文翻译：

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中性粒细胞生物学的昼夜节律特征。

免疫节律有多种表现形式，但最主要的表现可能是一天中特定时间的炎症反复发作。这些模式对于理解人类疾病很重要，并且在许多情况下是由嗜中性粒细胞的作用引起的，嗜中性粒细胞是具有明显昼夜节律特征的髓样白细胞。中性粒细胞的寿命短，数量明显的昼夜变化以及在循环中表型的变化有助于解释炎性疾病的时间特征，但也揭示了中性粒细胞生理学的核心特征。在这里，我们总结了公认的概念，并介绍了这些细胞与昼夜节律有关的生物学最新发现。我们着重指出，虽然嗜中性粒细胞的昼夜节律特征广为人知，并且与了解疾病有关，它们甚至在稳态下也可能影响器官功能的重要方面。最后，我们讨论了靶向中性粒细胞的这些暂时性特征以获得治疗益处的可能性。