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Large-Scale Generation of Human Allospecific Induced Tregs With Functional Stability for Use in Immunotherapy in Transplantation.
Frontiers in Immunology ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-02 , DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00375
Evelyn Katy Alvarez-Salazar 1 , Arimelek Cortés-Hernández 1 , Saúl Arteaga-Cruz 1 , Josefina Alberú-Gómez 2 , Gloria Soldevila 1
Affiliation  

Regulatory T cells play an important role in the control of autoimmune diseases and maintenance of tolerance. In the context of transplantation, regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been proposed as new therapeutic tools that may induce allospecific tolerance toward the graft, avoiding the side effects induced by generalized immunosuppressors. Although most clinical trials are based on the use of thymic Tregs in adoptive therapy, some reports suggest the potential use of in vitro induced Tregs (iTregs), based on their functional stability under inflammatory conditions, indicating an advantage in a setting of allograft rejection. The aim of this work was to generate and expand large numbers of allospecific Tregs that maintain stable suppressive function in the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Dendritic cells were derived from monocytes isolated from healthy donors and were co-cultured with CTV-labeled naïve T cells from unrelated individuals, in the presence of TGF-β1, IL-2, and retinoic acid. After 7 days of co-culture, proliferating CD4+CD25++CTV- cells (allospecific iTregs) were sorted and polyclonally expanded for 6 weeks in the presence of TGF-β1, IL-2, and rapamycin. After 6 weeks of polyclonal activation, iTregs were expanded 230,000 times, giving rise to 4,600 million allospecific iTregs. Allospecific iTregs were able to specifically suppress the proliferation of autologous CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in response to the allo-MoDCs used for iTreg generation, but not to third-party allo-MoDCs. Importantly, 88.5% of the expanded cells were CD4+CD25+FOXP3+, expressed high levels of CCR4 and CXCR3, and maintained their phenotype and suppressive function in the presence of TNF-α and IL-6. Finally, analysis of the methylation status of the FOXP3 TSDR locus demonstrated a 40% demethylation in the purified allospecific iTreg, prior to the polyclonal expansion. Interestingly, the phenotype and suppressive activity of expanded allospecific iTregs were maintained after 6 weeks of expansion, despite an increase in the methylation status of the FOXP3 TSDR. In conclusion, this is the first report that demonstrates a large-scale generation of allospecific iTregs that preserve a stable phenotype and suppressor function in the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pave the way for adoptive cell therapy with iTregs in transplanted patients.

中文翻译:

具有功能稳定性的人类同种异体诱导的Treg的大规模生产,可用于移植的免疫治疗。

调节性T细胞在控制自身免疫性疾病和维持耐受性中起着重要作用。在移植的背景下,调节性T细胞(Tregs)已被提出作为新的治疗工具,可以诱导对移植物的同种异体耐受,从而避免了由广义免疫抑制剂引起的副作用。尽管大多数临床试验都是基于胸腺Treg在过继治疗中的应用,但一些报告表明,基于炎症条件下的功能稳定性,体外诱导Treg(iTreg)的潜在用途,表明同种异体移植排斥的优势。这项工作的目的是生成和扩展大量的异特异Treg,它们在促炎性细胞因子的存在下保持稳定的抑制功能。树突状细胞来自健康供体分离出的单核细胞,并在存在TGF-β1,IL-2和视黄酸的情况下与来自无关个体的CTV标记幼稚T细胞共培养。共培养7天后,在TGF-β1,IL-2和雷帕霉素存在的情况下,对增殖的CD4 + CD25 ++ CTV-细胞(allospecific iTregs)进行分选并进行多克隆扩增6周。经过6周的多克隆激活,iTregs扩增了23万倍,产生了46亿个同种异体iTregs。异源特异性iTregs能够特异性地抑制自体CD4 +和CD8 + T细胞的增殖,以响应用于iTreg生成的allo-MoDCs,但不能抑制第三方allo-MoDCs。重要的是,有88.5%的扩增细胞是CD4 + CD25 + FOXP3 +,它们表达高水平的CCR4和CXCR3,并在TNF-α和IL-6存在下维持其表型和抑制功能。最后,对FOXP3 TSDR基因座甲基化状态的分析表明,在多克隆扩增之前,纯化的同种异体iTreg中存在40%的脱甲基。有趣的是,尽管FOXP3 TSDR的甲基化状态有所增加,但在扩展6周后,扩展的同种异体iTreg的表型和抑制活性仍得以维持。总之,这是第一份证明具有同种异体特异性iTregs的大规模报道,该iTregs在存在促炎细胞因子的情况下保持稳定的表型和抑制功能,并为移植患者中iTregs的过继性细胞治疗铺平了道路。FOXP3 TSDR基因座的甲基化状态的分析表明,在纯化多克隆特异性扩增之前,纯化的同种异体iTreg中存在40%的脱甲基。有趣的是,尽管FOXP3 TSDR的甲基化状态有所增加,但在扩展6周后,扩展的同种异体iTreg的表型和抑制活性仍得以维持。总之,这是第一份证明具有同种异体特异性iTregs的大规模报道,该iTregs在存在促炎细胞因子的情况下保持稳定的表型和抑制功能,并为移植患者中iTregs的过继性细胞治疗铺平了道路。FOXP3 TSDR基因座的甲基化状态的分析表明,在纯化多克隆特异性扩增之前,纯化的同种异体iTreg中存在40%的脱甲基。有趣的是,尽管FOXP3 TSDR的甲基化状态有所增加,但在扩展6周后,扩展的同种异体iTreg的表型和抑制活性仍得以维持。总而言之,这是第一份证明具有同种异体特异性iTregs的大规模报道,该iTregs在存在促炎性细胞因子的情况下保持稳定的表型和抑制功能,并为移植患者中iTregs的过继性细胞治疗铺平了道路。尽管FOXP3 TSDR的甲基化状态有所增加,但在扩展6周后仍保持了扩展的同种异体iTreg的表型和抑制活性。总之,这是第一份证明具有同种异体特异性iTregs的大规模报道,该iTregs在存在促炎细胞因子的情况下保持稳定的表型和抑制功能,并为移植患者中iTregs的过继性细胞治疗铺平了道路。尽管FOXP3 TSDR的甲基化状态增加,但在扩展6周后仍保持了扩展的同种异体iTreg的表型和抑制活性。总之,这是第一份证明具有同种异体特异性iTregs的大规模报道,该iTregs在存在促炎细胞因子的情况下保持稳定的表型和抑制功能,并为移植患者中iTregs的过继性细胞治疗铺平了道路。
更新日期:2020-04-06
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