Grape seeds are an important byproduct from the grape process. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of experimental parameters (temperature and time of pretreatment with ultrasound) to obtain grape seed oil using low pressure (Soxhlet-Sox and Bligh Dyer-BD) and high pressure (supercritical carbon dioxide-SFE) methods. The best condition for pretreatment of samples was 30 min of sonication at 30 °C before extraction by Sox or BD. Ultrasound pretreatment was efficient to increase oil extraction yield by 32.10 (Sox), 20.31 (BD) and 12.54% (SFE), depending on the extraction method used as well as, and certainly influenced the total phenolic concentration in 311 (Sox), 234 (BD), and 184 (SFE)%. Ten fatty acids were identified in the oils, the major ones being 18:2ω-6cis (linoleic 52.39%–63.12%), 16:0 (palmitic 20.22%–26.80%) and 18:0 (stearic 8.52%–13.68%). The highest epicatechin concentration was identified in the BD sample: 30-30 (150.49 ± 5.98mg/kg), which presented a concentration of ≥3 times compared to the control (56.68 ± 1.81mg/kg). Ultrasound pretreatment also contributed positively (56% and 99% increase) in the α-tocopherol content of the SFE: 30-30 and BD: 30-30 samples, respectively. The results indicate that the ultrasound pretreatment is a suitable technology to improve the quality of the oil from the grape seed.

中文翻译：

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实验参数对低压超临界流体萃取葡萄籽油的影响


葡萄籽是葡萄加工过程中的重要副产品。这项工作的目的是评估实验参数（超声波预处理的温度和时间）对使用低压（Soxhlet-Sox 和 Bligh Dyer-BD）和高压（超临界二氧化碳-SFE）获得葡萄籽油的影响方法。样品预处理的最佳条件是在使用 Sox 或 BD 提取之前在 30 °C 下超声处理 30 分钟。超声波预处理可有效地将油提取率提高 32.10 (Sox)、20.31 (BD) 和 12.54% (SFE)，具体取决于所使用的提取方法以及 311 (Sox)、234 中的总酚浓度(BD) 和 184 (SFE)%。油中鉴定出 10 种脂肪酸，主要是 18:2ω-6cis（亚油酸 52.39%–63.12%）、16:0（棕榈酸 20.22%–26.80%）和 18:0（硬脂酸 8.52%–13.68%） 。 BD样品中表儿茶素浓度最高：30-30（150.49±5.98mg/kg），其浓度是对照（56.68±1.81mg/kg）的≥3倍。超声波预处理还对 SFE: 30-30 和 BD: 30-30 样品的 α-生育酚含量分别产生了积极贡献（分别增加了 56% 和 99%）。结果表明，超声波预处理是提高葡萄籽油品质的合适技术。