This study provides new evidence of the impact of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) – row planting and drought-tolerant maize varieties - on farm and welfare outcomes by estimating a multinomial endogenous switching regression model that corrects for selection bias and farmer heterogeneity in CSA choice. Application of our model to panel observations of 438 households in Ghana show that adoption of CSA increases both yield and intensity of maize commercialization but negatively affect own consumption. Specifically, the magnitude of the impact is relatively higher for adopters of row planting relative to adopters of drought-tolerant maize seeds. These results suggest the need for development practitioners to increase awareness and emphasize the importance of row planting as a key component of climate-smart agriculture.

中文翻译：

---

加纳气候智能型农业的福利影响：行种植和耐旱玉米品种重要吗？

本研究通过估计多项内生转换回归模型来校正气候智能型农业 (CSA)——行栽和耐旱玉米品种——对农场和福利结果的影响，提供了新的证据，该模型纠正了 CSA 选择中的选择偏差和农民异质性. 将我们的模型应用于加纳 438 户家庭的面板观察表明，采用 CSA 增加了玉米商业化的产量和强度，但对自己的消费产生了负面影响。具体而言，与耐旱玉米种子的采用者相比，行种植的采用者的影响程度相对较高。这些结果表明，发展从业者需要提高认识，并强调行种植作为气候智能型农业的关键组成部分的重要性。