Residential consumers have electrical and thermal loads. Therefore they can be utilized hybrid thermal and electrical energy systems to procure their required energy. In the proposed system, in order to supply residential loads, a hybrid energy system (HES) is proposed which consists of photovoltaic/solid oxide fuel cell/thermal and electrical storages/boiler. Also, the uncertain parameters such as thermal and electrical loads, electricity market price, and solar irradiation are considered in the stochastic formulation. Uncertain parameters can be led to financial risks in the system operation. In order to measure imposed risks, in this paper, a novel risk management method called downside risk constraints method is used to model the financial risks imposed from the uncertain parameters. According to obtained results, the operator of the hybrid energy system by utilization of the downside risk constraints method has obtained a strategy that is scenario independent. In other words, the downside risk constraints method by minimizing the imposed risks introduced a zero-risk strategy which operation cost would not increase by changing the scenario. Results are shown that system operators by paying 1.3% more expected cost ($ 40.22 instead of $ 39.69), can make its operation independent of the scenario. Also, risk-based operational strategies of the proposed hybrid energy system are reported in the results as graphical results. The proposed risk-measurement operation problem of the designed hybrid energy system is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model and modeled by GAMS software using CPLEX solver.

居民消费者承受电和热负荷。因此，可以利用它们混合使用热能和电能系统来获取所需的能量。在提出的系统中，为了提供住宅负载，提出了一种混合能源系统（HES），该系统由光伏/固体氧化物燃料电池/蓄热和电存储/锅炉组成。同样，在随机公式中考虑了不确定的参数，例如热和电负载，电力市场价格和太阳辐射。不确定的参数可能导致系统运行中的财务风险。为了度量施加的风险，本文使用一种称为下行风险约束方法的新型风险管理方法，对不确定参数所施加的金融风险进行建模。根据结果​​，混合能源系统的运营商通过利用下行风险约束方法获得了一种与场景无关的策略。换句话说，通过最小化施加风险的下行风险约束方法引入了零风险策略，该策略不会通过更改方案而增加运营成本。结果表明，系统操作员只需支付1.3％的预期成本（40.22美元而不是39.69美元），就可以使其业务独立于业务情景。同样，在结果中以图形结果报告了拟议的混合能源系统基于风险的操作策略。将设计的混合能源系统提出的风险评估操作问题公式化为混合整数线性规划（MILP）模型，并使用CPLEX求解器通过GAMS软件进行建模。