Abstract The anisotropy of shrinkage that occurs during the sintering of glass needs to be carefully understood for proper fabrication of 3-dimensional (3D) glass structures using a binder-jetting additive manufacturing process. Although the time-dependence of glass sintering is governed by viscous flow, the effect of the powder characteristics and process parameters during printing need to be considered. In this study, the size and morphology of glass powders were varied as material parameters for obtaining optimal powder characteristics. Glasses composed of SiO2–B2O3–ZnO–BaO–Al2O3, with different sizes and morphologies, were used as printing materials. Different powder stacking orientations were considered as additional parameters affecting shrinkage behavior. The anisotropy degree was obtained by measuring the ratio between the axial contraction and the radial contraction of samples sintered for different amounts of time. Both frit and glass bead exhibited anisotropic shrink behavior. However, the spherical glass bead was the closest to isotropic shrinkage and showed an effective shrinkage rate for the formation of a designed 3D glass structure and densification of the microstructure.

中文翻译：

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粉末特性对 3D 打印玻璃结构收缩行为的影响

摘要 为了使用粘合剂喷射增材制造工艺正确制造 3 维 (3D) 玻璃结构，需要仔细了解玻璃烧结过程中发生的收缩各向异性。虽然玻璃烧结的时间依赖性受粘性流动的控制，但需要考虑打印过程中粉末特性和工艺参数的影响。在这项研究中，玻璃粉末的尺寸和形态作为材料参数而变化，以获得最佳粉末特性。由具有不同尺寸和形态的 SiO2-B2O3-ZnO-BaO-Al2O3 组成的玻璃被用作打印材料。不同的粉末堆积方向被认为是影响收缩行为的附加参数。通过测量烧结不同时间量的样品的轴向收缩和径向收缩之间的比率获得各向异性程度。玻璃料和玻璃珠均表现出各向异性收缩行为。然而，球形玻璃珠最接近各向同性收缩，并显示出有效的收缩率，可用于形成设计的 3D 玻璃结构和微结构的致密化。