Among diverse nanostructured materials, two-dimensional (2D) inorganic nanosheets have attracted intense research interest because of their unique characteristics such as high morphological anisotropy, expanded 2D surface area with many surface active sites, and unique electronic structures. The existence of many surface- and edge-exposed active sites as well as tunable chemical composition with large concentration of redoxable component ions renders 2D inorganic nanosheets as promising electrocatalysts for diverse electrochemical reactions. Additionally, highly anisotropic 2D inorganic nanosheet with high surface-to-volume ratio can be used as efficient hybridization matrix to optimize the electrocatalyst performance of nanostructured material via strong interfacial interaction and synergistic coupling between hybridized species. For the electrocatalyst application, 2D inorganic nanosheets can play crucial roles as main active components, substrates, additives, and hybrid building blocks in hybrid-type electrocatalysts. In this review, unique advantages of 2D inorganic nanosheets in the design and synthesis of electrocatalysts are discussed with in-depth discussion about their critical roles in 2D nanosheet-based electrocatalysts. Depending on target electrocatalysis reactions, diverse examples of 2D inorganic nanosheet-based electrocatalysts are surveyed along with their versatile characterization techniques. Future research perspectives for the exploration of 2D inorganic nanosheet-based electrocatalysts are presented to provide valuable insights for the development of high-performance electrocatalysts applicable for emerging fields of renewable energy technologies.

在各种纳米结构材料中，二维（2D）无机纳米片因其独特的特性（例如高形态各向异性，具有许多表面活性位的扩展2D表面积以及独特的电子结构）而引起了广泛的研究兴趣。许多表面和边缘暴露的活性位点的存在以及具有高浓度的可氧化还原组分离子的可调化学成分的存在，使得2D无机纳米片成为用于各种电化学反应的有前途的电催化剂。此外，具有高表面体积比的高度各向异性的2D无机纳米片材可以用作有效的杂交基质，以通过强大的界面相互作用和杂交物种之间的协同偶联来优化纳米结构材料的电催化剂性能。对于电催化剂的应用，二维无机纳米片可以在混合型电催化剂中起主要活性成分，基质，添加剂和混合结构单元的作用。在这篇综述中，对2D无机纳米片在电催化剂的设计和合成中的独特优势进行了讨论，并对其在2D纳米片基电催化剂中的关键作用进行了深入讨论。根据目标电催化反应，对二维无机纳米片基电催化剂的各种实例及其通用的表征技术进行了调查。提出了探索基于2D无机纳米片基的电催化剂的未来研究观点，从而为可应用于可再生能源技术新兴领域的高性能电催化剂的开发提供了宝贵的见识。