Regime shifts - persistent changes in the structure and function of an ecosystem - are well-documented for some ecosystems and have informed research and management of these ecosystems. In floodplain-river ecosystems, there is growing interest from restoration practitioners in ecological resilience, yet regime shifts remain poorly understood in these ecosystems. To understand how regime shifts may apply to floodplain-river ecosystems, we synthesize our understanding of ecosystem dynamics using an alternate regimes conceptual framework. We present three plausible sets of alternate regimes relevant to natural resource management interests within the Upper Mississippi River and Illinois River. These alternate regimes include: 1) a clear water and abundant vegetation regime vs. a turbid water and sparse vegetation regime in lentic, off-channel areas, 2) a diverse native fish community regime vs. an invasive-dominated fish community regime, and 3) a regime characterized by a diverse and dynamic mosaic of floodplain vegetation types vs. one characterized as a persistent invasive wet meadow monoculture. For each set of potential alternate regimes, we review available literature to synthesize known or hypothesized feedback mechanisms that reinforce regimes, controlling variables that drive regime transitions, and current restoration pathways. Our conceptual models provide preliminary support for the existence of alternate regimes in floodplain-river ecosystems. Quantitatively testing hypotheses contained within the conceptual model are important next steps in evaluating the model. Ultimately, the synthesis and evaluation of alternate regimes can inform the utility of resilience concepts in restoration and management on the Upper Mississippi River and Illinois River and improve our understanding of ecosystem dynamics in other large, heavily managed floodplain-river ecosystems.

中文翻译：

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概念化大型洪泛河流生态系统中的替代方案：水质清澈，侵入性鱼类和洪泛区植被。

体制转移-生态系统的结构和功能的持续变化-对于某些生态系统有充分的文献资料，并已为这些生态系统的研究和管理提供了信息。在河漫滩生态系统中，恢复从业者对生态弹性的兴趣日益浓厚，但是在这些生态系统中，政权转移仍然知之甚少。为了了解制度变迁如何适用于洪泛河流生态系统，我们使用替代制度概念框架综合了对生态系统动态的理解。我们提出了与上密西西比河和伊利诺伊河上游的自然资源管理利益相关的三组合理的替代方案。这些替代方案包括：1）清澈的水和丰富的植被，而在透镜外的海域，浑浊的水和稀疏的植被，2）多样化的本地鱼类群落制度与侵入性为主的鱼类群落制度，以及3）以洪泛区植被类型的多样化和动态拼接为特征的制度，与以持续入侵的湿草甸单一栽培为特征的制度。对于每组潜在的替代方案，我们回顾了现有文献，以合成已知或假设的反馈机制，这些机制可增强方案，控制驱动方案转变的变量以及当前的恢复途径。我们的概念模型为洪泛河流生态系统中的替代制度的存在提供了初步的支持。定量测试概念模型中包含的假设是评估模型的重要后续步骤。最终，