Abstract The urgent need to decarbonise energy supplies has prompted exponential growth of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems across the world. As the penetration of renewable energy sources increases, the need to accurately forecast electricity output heightens to ensure efficient energy system operation. While exposure to high temperatures and moisture are known to significantly reduce PV panel efficiency, the effects of wind on both PV panel temperature and electricity output are poorly resolved. Here, meteorological and PV panel production data from Westmill Solar Park, Oxfordshire, were examined to determine the influence of wind, cloud, ambient temperature and relative humidity. We found that, after solar radiation, relative humidity and cloud cover were the dominant controls of PV electricity output; increases in relative humidity and cloud cover were associated with decreased electricity outputs. However, when all other variables were held constant, the mean electricity generated under southerly winds was 20.4 – 42.9% greater than under northerly winds, with the difference greater at higher electricity outputs and attributable to differences in surface cooling capabilities caused by the PV array asymmetry. This finding suggests that PV electricity output predictions could be improved by incorporating wind direction into computer models. Moreover, there is potential to modify solar park design and deployment location to capitalise on wind benefits, especially in areas where panel temperatures are a leading cause of efficiency loss. Ensuring deployments are optimised for site environmental conditions could boost electricity outputs, and therefore profitability, with implications for system viability in post-subsidy markets.

中文翻译：

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南风增加了太阳能光伏系统的发电量

摘要 对能源供应脱碳的迫切需求促使全球太阳能光伏 (PV) 系统呈指数级增长。随着可再生能源渗透率的提高，准确预测电力输出以确保能源系统高效运行的需求日益增加。虽然已知暴露在高温和潮湿环境中会显着降低光伏电池板的效率，但风对光伏电池板温度和电力输出的影响并未得到很好的解决。在这里，对来自牛津郡 Westmill 太阳能公园的气象和光伏电池板生产数据进行了检查，以确定风、云、环境温度和相对湿度的影响。我们发现，在太阳辐射之后，相对湿度和云量是光伏发电量的主要控制因素；相对湿度和云量的增加与电力输出的减少有关。然而，当所有其他变量保持不变时，南风下的平均发电量比北风下高 20.4 - 42.9%，电力输出越高差异越大，归因于光伏阵列不对称导致的表面冷却能力差异. 这一发现表明，可以通过将风向纳入计算机模型来改进光伏电力输出预测。此外，还有可能修改太阳能园区的设计和部署位置，以利用风力优势，尤其是在面板温度是导致效率损失的主要原因的地区。确保针对现场环境条件优化部署可以提高电力输出，