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Antimony as a tracer of non-exhaust traffic emissions in air pollution in Granada (S Spain) using lichen bioindicators.
Environmental Pollution ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-03 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114482
Annika Parviainen 1 , Evgenia Maria Papaslioti 1 , Manuel Casares-Porcel 2 , Carlos J Garrido 1
Affiliation  

We have studied the metal air pollution trends in a medium-sized Spanish city suffering from traffic emission using in-situ lichen Xanthoria parietina as a bioindicator. The large scale sampling included 97 samples from urban, metropolitan and remote control areas of Granada that were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. Enrichment factor of Sb exhibited severe anthropogenic enrichment, whereas Cu and Sb showed significantly higher median values in the urban areas with respect to metropolitan areas. Additionally, bioaccumulation ratios of V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sb, and Pb -associated to exhaust and non-exhaust traffic emissions- enabled us to delineate hot spots of metal(loid) accumulation in the main accesses to the city, characterized by dense traffic and copious traffic jams. To distinguish non-exhaust emissions, we studied the spatial distribution of the Cu:Sb ratio -a tracer of brake wear- highlighting the surroundings of the highway and the main traffic accesses to the city likely due to sudden hard braking and acceleration during frequent traffic jams. Our study shows that the metal(loid) contents in lichens are excellent proxies for non-exhaust traffic emissions and that their contribution to the metal(loid) air pollution in Granada is more significant than previously thought.

中文翻译:

使用地衣生物指示剂,锑作为格拉纳达(西班牙)空气污染中非废气排放的示踪剂。

我们使用原生地衣Xanthoria parietina作为生物指示剂,研究了西班牙一个中型城市遭受交通排放的金属空气污染趋势。大规模采样包括来自格拉纳达市区,大都市和远程控制地区的97个样本,并通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法进行了分析。Sb的富集因子显示出严重的人为富集,而市区的Cu和Sb的中值相对于大都市地区显着更高。此外,与排气和非排气交通排放有关的V,Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cd,Sb和Pb的生物蓄积率使我们能够划定主要通道中金属(胶体)积聚的热点。这座城市的特点是交通拥挤,交通拥堵。为了区分非废气排放,我们研究了Cu:Sb比率的空间分布-刹车磨损的痕迹-突出了高速公路的周围环境以及可能由于频繁的交通拥堵而突然猛烈的刹车和加速导致的通往城市的主要交通通道。我们的研究表明,地衣中的金属(金属)含量是非排放交通排放的极好代表,并且它们对格拉纳达的金属(金属)空气污染的贡献比以前认为的更为重要。
更新日期:2020-04-03
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