Solvents with both low density and viscosity have the advantage of higher extraction efficiency due to lower diffusivity and consequently higher mass transfer. In this study, a mixture design was performed for the synthesis of three different natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) using citric acid, malic acid, and xylitol. The optimized proportion for each of the three solvents synthesized was selected based on density and viscosity values. The NADES were characterized by infrared spectroscopy analysis, that showed characteristic bands of the initial reagents and the presence of hydrogen bonds confirming the formation of each deep eutectic solvent. Then, the NADES were used as solvents in ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of biological tissue and plant material samples for the determination of As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Se, and V by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results for the proposed methods were compared to microwave-assisted acid digestion (MW-AD). The extraction recoveries ranged from 80 to 120% for most of the elements determined. The use of NADES as carbon sources improved the sensitivity of the As and Cd analyses, due to charge transfer reactions between the analyte and C⁺ and/or other carbon species. In addition, the Analytical Eco-Scale was used to assess the greenness of the proposed analytical procedures (UAE and MAE). It showed that the UAE and MAE methods provided excellent green analyses, while the MW-AD method was rated as an acceptable green procedure.

具有低密度和低粘度的溶剂由于较低的扩散率并因此具有较高的质量传递而具有较高的提取效率的优点。在这项研究中，进行了混合物设计，使用柠檬酸，苹果酸和木糖醇合成三种不同的天然深共熔溶剂（NADES）。根据密度和粘度值选择三种合成溶剂各自的最佳比例。通过红外光谱分析对NADES进行表征，显示出初始试剂的特征谱带和氢键的存在证实了每种深共晶溶剂的形成。然后，将NADES用作生物组织和植物材料样品的超声辅助提取（UAE）和微波辅助提取（MAE）中的溶剂，用于测定As，Cd，Hg，电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测铅，硒和钒。拟议方法的结果与微波辅助酸消化（MW-AD）进行了比较。对于大多数确定的元素，提取回收率在80％到120％之间。由于分析物和C之间的电荷转移反应，使用NADES作为碳源提高了As和Cd分析的灵敏度⁺和/或其他碳物种。此外，分析生态规模被用于评估拟议分析程序（阿联酋和MAE）的绿色程度。结果表明，UAE和MAE方法提供了出色的绿色分析，而MW-AD方法被认为是可以接受的绿色程序。