Fire hazards are a big threat to human life and property safety. The U.S. fire statistics reveal that, in 2017 alone, 1,319,500 fires caused 3400 deaths and 14,670 injuries, which resulted in a loss of $23 billion [1]. Effective evacuation planning in densely occupied buildings should be primarily put in place if both the number of injuries/fatalities and the level of property loss are to be minimized. However, it is not realistic, and is unethical to study human evacuation performance under a burning building. For this reason, computational tools tend to be the best approach for simulating fire growth as well as human response to fire hazards. This study aims to develop a BIM-based simulation framework that implements the Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) and agent-based modeling (ABM) for simulating fire growth and evacuation performance for different building layout scenarios. An experimental implementation is conducted to validate the proposed framework, which verified the benefits of (1) using BIM to offer a platform for conducting simulation design and visualizing the simulation results of (a) hazardous fire zones and (b) effective escape routes; (2) simulating fire growth using the FDS tool; (3) developing an agent-based model that accounts for the critical factors affecting evacuation performance; and (4) applying a statistical analysis for investigating the effects of influential parameters from the proposed model. As a result, the simulation outputs can be used to optimize the building design and to investigate the influential factors on human evacuation efficiency. The proposed framework contributes to building fire safety management by enabling to minimize both injuries/fatalities and property loss.

火灾隐患对人类生命和财产安全构成重大威胁。美国火灾统计数据显示，仅在2017年，就有1,319,500起火灾造成3400人死亡和14,670人受伤，造成的损失为230亿美元[1]。如果要尽量减少伤亡/死亡人数和财产损失水平，则应首先在人员密集的建筑物中制定有效的疏散计划。然而，在燃烧的建筑物下研究人员疏散性能是不现实的，也是不道德的。因此，计算工具往往是模拟火灾增长以及人类对火灾隐患的响应的最佳方法。这项研究旨在开发一个基于BIM的模拟框架，该框架实施Fire Dynamic Simulator（FDS）和基于Agent的建模（ABM），以模拟不同建筑物布局场景下的火灾增长和疏散性能。进行了实验实施以验证所提出的框架，该框架验证了（1）使用BIM提供的平台进行仿真设计和可视化（a）危险着火区和（b）有效逃生路线的仿真结果的平台；（2）使用FDS工具模拟火势增长；（3）建立基于主体的模型，说明影响疏散表现的关键因素；（4）应用统计分析来研究所提出模型中影响参数的影响。结果是，模拟输出可用于优化建筑设计并研究影响人员疏散效率的因素。拟议的框架通过最大限度地减少人身伤亡和财产损失，为建筑物的消防安全管理做出了贡献。