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Centriole Number and the Accumulation of Microtubules Modulate the Timing of Apical Insertion during Radial Intercalation.
Current Biology ( IF 8.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-02 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.03.013
Caitlin Collins 1 , Ahmed Majekodunmi 1 , Brian Mitchell 1
Affiliation  

Centrioles are microtubule (MT)-based structures that provide important functions during cell migration, cell division, and cell signaling [1]. Modulating centriole number in 3D cell cultures has been shown to influence protrusive behavior [2-5]. Here, we address in vivo the role of centrioles and the accumulation of MTs on the protrusive behavior required during the initiation of radial intercalation. Radial intercalation is an important developmental process whereby cells undergo polarized movements and interdigitate into a more superficial layer [6, 7]. It is commonly employed during metamorphic events, such as the tissue thinning coupled with expansion or during the introduction of different cell types into an epithelium. During radial intercalation, cells emerge from a basal layer by undergoing a process of apical migration, apical insertion, and expansion [8]. In Xenopus skin, multiciliated cells (MCCs), which contain ∼150 centrioles, and ionocytes (ICs), which contain two centrioles, differentiate during the same developmental window, but MCCs complete intercalation prior to ICs. Here, we utilize this difference in timing to create a quantifiable assay for insertion and find that the timing of insertion is modulated by changes in centriole number and the accumulation of acetylated MTs. Additionally, centrioles align between the nucleus and the leading edge creating an axis of migration with apically oriented (+) ends. Using the MT (-) end protein CAMSAP1 fused to the apically positioned Par6 protein, we have artificially reversed the orientation of MTs and find that the accumulation of MTs in either orientation is sufficient to promote apical insertion.

中文翻译:


中心粒数和微管的积累调节径向插层过程中顶端插入的时间。



中心粒是基于微管 (MT) 的结构,在细胞迁移、细胞分裂和细胞信号传导过程中提供重要功能 [1]。调节 3D 细胞培养物中的中心粒数量已被证明会影响突出行为 [2-5]。在这里,我们研究了体内中心粒的作用和 MT 的积累对径向嵌入起始过程中所需的突出行为的影响。径向嵌入是一个重要的发育过程,细胞在此过程中经历极化运动并叉指进入更浅的层 [6, 7]。它通常在变质事件期间使用,例如组织变薄伴随扩张或在将不同细胞类型引入上皮期间。在径向嵌入过程中,细胞通过顶端迁移、顶端插入和扩张过程从基底层出现[8]。在非洲爪蟾皮肤中,含有〜150个中心粒的多纤毛细胞(MCC)和含有两个中心粒的离子细胞(IC)在同一发育窗口期间分化,但MCC在IC之前完成嵌入。在这里,我们利用这种时间差异来创建可量化的插入分析,并发现插入时间是通过中心粒数量的变化和乙酰化 MT 的积累来调节的。此外,中心粒在细胞核和前缘之间对齐,形成具有顶端定向 (+) 端的迁移轴。使用与顶端定位的 Par6 蛋白融合的 MT (-) 末端蛋白 CAMSAP1,我们人为地反转了 MT 的方向,发现任一方向的 MT 积累都足以促进顶端插入。
更新日期:2020-04-02
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