Uneven nucleation and fragile solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) restrict the practical application of lithium (Li) metal anode. A versatile strategy to simultaneously overcome these two drawbacks is critical for Li metal batteries (LMBs). Herein we propose an “aggressive aluminum (Al) pulverization” strategy to form abundant artificial nucleation sites and robust SEI films adjacently, leading to homogeneous Li deposition/stripping and high Li Coulombic efficiency. A core-shell structure with Al core and alumina-silica (Al₂O₃–SiO₂) shell, Al@Al₂O₃–SiO₂ (AAS), could be easily synthesized, by modulating the chemical diffusion of silicon (Si) element towards Si–Al alloy surface. The active SiO₂ sites not only contribute to form the robust SEI layer, but also facility the lithiation of the AAS, accelerating the conversion of reversible Li–Al alloy into inert Li₃Al₂ phase. The as-generated AAS with Li₃Al₂ and Li₁₂Si₇ phases possess negligible Li nucleation over-potential (~0.7 mV), serving as an optimal structure for dendrite-free Li plating/stripping with a prolonged life-span of 6 times longer than that of the unprotected counterpart in carbonate electrolytes.

不均匀的成核和易碎的固体电解质相（SEI）限制了锂（Li）金属阳极的实际应用。同时克服这两个缺点的通用策略对于锂金属电池（LMB）至关重要。本文中，我们提出了一种“侵蚀性的铝（Al）粉碎”策略，以相邻地形成大量的人工成核位点和坚固的SEI膜，从而导致均匀的Li沉积/剥离和高的Li Coulombic效率。具有Al核和氧化铝-二氧化硅（Al ₂ O ₃ -SiO ₂）壳，Al @ Al ₂ O ₃ -SiO _2的核-壳结构（AAS），可以通过调节硅（Si）元素向Si-Al合金表面的化学扩散来轻松合成。活性SiO ₂位置不仅有助于形成坚固的SEI层，而且还有助于AAS的锂化，从而加速了可逆Li-Al合金向惰性Li ₃ Al ₂相的转化。具有Li ₃ Al ₂和Li ₁₂ Si ₇相的刚生成的AAS具有可忽略的Li成核超电势（〜0.7 mV），是无枝晶Li镀覆/剥离的最佳结构，使用寿命延长6碳酸盐电解质中未保护的对应物的保护时间要长两倍。