We read with interest the article by Castellanos-Moreira et al who identified for the first time an association between anticarbamylated protein antibodies and interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).1 The reported prevalence of ILD in RA ranges from 4% to 70% according to different cohorts and inclusion criteria. The clinical spectrum is rather broad ranging from mild reversible lung inflammatory disease to rapidly progressing fibrotic conditions with poor prognosis and frequent cause of death. On this basis, clinicians should be alert and promptly identify, classify and manage ILD according to its features and severity. However, whether a patient with RA will develop or not ILD, depends on several genetic, demographic, environmental and immunological factors that interact with each other and reliable markers able to predict ILD development are currently lacking.2 The …

中文翻译：

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类风湿关节炎中的自身抗体和间质性肺病：走向“混合搭配”的方法？

我们感兴趣地阅读了 Castellanos-Moreira 等人的文章，他们首次发现类风湿性关节炎 (RA) 患者的抗氨基甲酰化蛋白抗体与间质性肺病 (ILD) 之间存在关联。根据不同的队列和纳入标准，4% 到 70%。临床范围相当广泛，从轻度可逆的肺部炎症性疾病到预后不良和常见死因的快速进展的纤维化病症。在此基础上，临床医生应提高警惕，根据ILD的特点和严重程度及时对ILD进行识别、分类和管理。然而，RA 患者是否会发展为 ILD，取决于几个遗传、人口统计、