Introduction Women with pathogenic germline gene variants in BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 are at increased risk of developing ovarian and breast cancer. While surgical and pharmacological approaches are effective for risk-reduction, it is unknown whether lifestyle approaches such as healthful dietary habits, weight management, and physical activity may also contribute to risk-reduction. We conducted a systematic review of evidence related to dietary habits, weight status/change, and physical activity on ovarian and breast cancer risk among women with BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants. Methods We searched Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL, PubMed, and clinicaltrials.gov up to October 3, 2019. We identified 2775 records and included 21. Results There is limited evidence related to these factors and ovarian cancer risk. For breast cancer risk, evidence suggests higher diet quality, adulthood weight-loss of ≥10 pounds, and activity during adolescence and young-adulthood may be linked with decreased risk. Higher meat intake and higher daily energy intake may be linked with increased risk. Conclusions There is not enough evidence to suggest tailored recommendations for dietary habits or weight management among women with BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants compared to the general population for ovarian and breast cancer risk-reduction, and physical activity recommendations should remain the same.

中文翻译：

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BRCA1/2 致病性生殖系基因变异女性的饮食、体重管理、体力活动和卵巢癌和乳腺癌风险：系统评价

引言 具有 BRCA1 和/或 BRCA2 致病性种系基因变异的女性患卵巢癌和乳腺癌的风险增加。虽然手术和药物方法可有效降低风险，但健康饮食习惯、体重管理和体育锻炼等生活方式方法是否也有助于降低风险尚不清楚。我们对 BRCA1/2 致病性变异女性的饮食习惯、体重状态/变化和体力活动对卵巢癌和乳腺癌风险的相关证据进行了系统评价。方法 我们检索了 Medline、EMBASE、CENTRAL、PubMed 和临床试验网站，截至 2019 年 10 月 3 日。我们确定了 2775 条记录，包括 21 条。结果与这些因素和卵巢癌风险相关的证据有限。对于乳腺癌风险，证据表明，较高的饮食质量、成年期体重减轻 ≥10 磅以及青春期和青年期的活动可能与风险降低有关。较高的肉类摄入量和较高的每日能量摄入量可能与风险增加有关。结论 与一般人群相比，没有足够的证据表明针对 BRCA1/2 致病性变异女性的饮食习惯或体重管理的量身定制的建议可降低卵巢癌和乳腺癌的风险，并且体育活动建议应保持不变。