Solid organ transplantation (SOT) is the best treatment option for end-stage organ disease. The number of SOT procedures has been steadily increasing worldwide during the past decades. This trend has been accompanied by the continuous incorporation of new antimicrobial drugs and by the refinement of strategies aimed at minimizing the risk of opportunistic infection. Nonetheless, viral infections, which can occur at any stage of the post-transplant period, remain a clinical challenge that negatively impacts both patient and graft outcomes. This review offers an overview of the most relevant viral infections in the SOT population, with a focus on herpesviruses (cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, and herpes simplex virus 1 and 2) and polyomaviruses (human BK polyomavirus). In addition, the currently recommended prophylactic and treatment approaches are summarized, as well as the new antiviral agents in different phases of clinical development.

实体器官移植（SOT）是终末期器官疾病的最佳治疗选择。在过去的几十年中，SOT 程序的数量在全球范围内稳步增加。这一趋势伴随着新抗菌药物的不断加入以及旨在将机会性感染风险降至最低的策略的改进。尽管如此，病毒感染可能发生在移植后的任何阶段，仍然是一个临床挑战，对患者和移植结果产生负面影响。本综述概述了 SOT 人群中最相关的病毒感染，重点是疱疹病毒（巨细胞病毒、爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒、水痘带状疱疹病毒和单纯疱疹病毒 1 和 2）和多瘤病毒（人类 BK 多瘤病毒）。此外，