Social inequalities in bodyweight start early in life and track into adulthood. Dietary patterns are an important determinant of weight development in children, towards both overweight and underweight. Therefore, we aimed to examine weight development between age 5 and 10 years by ethnicity, SES and thereafter by BMI category at age 5, to explore its association with dietary patterns at age 5. Participants were 1765 children from the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development (ABCD) cohort that had valid data on BMI at age 5 and 10 and diet at age 5. Linear mixed model analysis was used to examine weight development between age 5 and 10 years and to assess if four previously identified dietary patterns at age 5 (snacking, full-fat, meat and healthy) were associated with weight development. Analyses were adjusted for relevant confounders, stratified by ethnicity and SES and thereafter stratified per BMI category at age 5. Overall, weight decreased in Dutch and high SES children and increased in non-Dutch and low/middle SES children. Across the range of bodyweight categories at age 5, we observed a conversion to normal weight, which was stronger in Dutch and high SES children but less pronounced in non-Dutch and low/middle SES children. Overall, the observed associations between weight development and dietary patterns were mixed with some unexpected findings: a healthy dietary pattern was positively associated with weight development in most groups, regardless of ethnicity and SES (e.g. Dutch B 0.084, 95% CI 0.038;0.130 and high SES B 0.096, 95% CI 0.047;0.143) whereas the full-fat pattern was negatively associated with weight development (e.g. Dutch B -0.069, 95% CI -0.114;-0.024 and high SES B -0.072, 95% CI -0.119;-0.026). We observed differential weight development per ethnic and SES group. Our results indicate that each ethnic and SES group follows its own path of weight development. Associations between dietary patterns and weight development showed some unexpected findings; follow-up research is needed to understand the association between dietary patterns and weight development.

中文翻译：

---

ABCD队列中5至10岁之间的体重发展及其与5岁时饮食模式的关系。

体重方面的社会不平等现象源于生命的早期，并一直持续到成年。饮食习惯是儿童超重和体重不足的体重发展的重要决定因素。因此，我们的目的是研究按种族，SES以及其后按5岁时BMI类别在5至10岁之间的体重发展，以探讨其与5岁时饮食方式的关系。参与者为1765名来自阿姆斯特丹出生儿童及其发育的儿童（ABCD）队列中有关于5岁和10岁时BMI和5岁时饮食的有效数据。线性混合模型分析用于检查5岁至10岁之间的体重发展，并评估先前是否确定了4种5岁时的饮食模式（零食，全脂，肉类和健康食品）与体重增加有关。针对相关混杂因素对分析进行了调整，按种族和SES进行分层，然后在5岁时按BMI类别进行分层。总体而言，荷兰和SES高发儿童的体重下降，非荷兰和低/中SES儿童的体重增加。在5岁时的各种体重类别中，我们观察到体重已转变为正常体重，这在荷兰人和高SES儿童中更明显，而在非荷兰人和低/中SES儿童中则不太明显。总体而言，观察到的体重增长与饮食习惯之间的关联还带有一些出乎意料的发现：健康饮食习惯与大多数群体的体重增长呈正相关，而与种族和SES无关（例如，荷兰B 0.084、95％CI 0.038; 0.130和SES B为0.096，95％CI为0.047; 0.143），而全脂模式与体重增长呈负相关（例如，荷兰B -0.069，95％CI -0.114; -0）。024和高SES B -0.072，95％CI -0.119; -0.026）。我们观察到每个种族和SES组的体重发展差异。我们的结果表明，每个种族和SES组都遵循自己的体重发展道路。饮食模式与体重发展之间的关联显示出一些出乎意料的发现；需要进行后续研究以了解饮食模式与体重发展之间的关系。