This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of two irrigation regimes (control and water stress) and two nitrogen (N) levels (0 and 112.5 kg/ha) on forage yield and silage quality in millet. Bastan (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv) and Pishahang (Panicum miliaceum) were sown at two different dates during 2015 and 2016. Both cultivars exhibited reduced dry‐matter (DM) yields (45% and 51% in Bastan and Pishahang respectively) due to drought stress. Proline and phenolic contents increased as a result of drought and were significantly and negatively correlated with DM yield and digestibility. Moreover, Pishahang had a reduced acid detergent fibre (ADF) content but improved leaf/stem ratio, digestible dry matter (DDM), relative feed value (RFV), net energy for lactation (NE_L), digestibility and silage quality as a result of drought stress, while no significant effects on these traits were observed in Bastan. Silage quality was greatly cultivar‐dependent. Both cultivars had higher levels of DDM, RFV and NE_L at early sowing dates. Nitrogen supply had greater positive effects on increasing ash, crude protein (CP) content and DM yield under normal irrigation than under water‐stress conditions. In summary, given the importance of the energy received per unit of forage from an animal husbandry viewpoint and the significance of DM yield per unit area from an agricultural viewpoint, the obtained results might help farmers in choosing not only the best sowing dates but also proper irrigation and N management practices to achieve their quantitative and qualitative objectives in forage production.

中文翻译：

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不同播期施水和施氮对小米草料产量和青贮品质的影响

进行该实验以评估两种灌溉制度（控制和水分胁迫）和两个氮（N）水平（0和112.5 kg / ha）对小米饲草产量和青贮饲料品质的影响。在2015年和2016年的两个不同日期播种了Bastan （Setaria italica（L.）P. Beauv）和Pishahang（Panicum miliaceum）。两个品种的干物质（DM）产量均降低（Bastan和Pishahang分别为45％和51％分别）由于干旱胁迫。脯氨酸和酚类含量由于干旱而增加，并且与DM产量和消化率显着负相关。此外，Pishahang的酸性洗涤剂纤维（ADF）含量降低，但叶/茎比，可消化干物质（DDM），相对饲料价值（RFV），泌乳净能（NE）有所改善_L），干旱胁迫导致的消化率和青贮饲料品质，而在Bastan中未观察到对这些性状的重大影响。青贮饲料的质量很大程度上取决于品种。两个品种的DDM，RFV和NE _L含量都较高在播种初期。在正常灌溉条件下，氮供应对增加灰分，粗蛋白（CP）含量和干物质产量的积极影响要大于水分胁迫条件。综上所述，鉴于从牧业角度看每单位草料获得的能量的重要性以及从农业角度看每单位牧草的DM产量的重要性，所获得的结果不仅可以帮助农民选择最佳播种日期，而且还可以选择合适的播种日期。灌溉和氮素管理实践，以实现其在牧草生产中的定量和定性目标。