This study evaluated the drinking water quality and associated human health risks in three (3) rural and urban areas each in Ibeju-Lekki and Epe local government areas of Lagos, Nigeria. Two hundred structured questionnaires were administered to stakeholders, and samples were obtained from prevailing drinking water sources in the study areas using standard methods for microbiological, physicochemical, heavy metals and human health risk evaluations. Wells and boreholes were the major sources of drinking water in the rural and urban areas, respectively. Drinking water samples from the study areas contained more than one pathogenic bacterium. The physicochemical parameters except total organic carbon (TOC) were within permissible limits of the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ). The mean values of Cd and As exceeded the maximum permissible limit of NSDWQ. The hazard quotient of cadmium and arsenic was greater than 1 indicating potential health risks if the water is not treated. In order to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goal 6 on clean water and sanitation by the next decade (2030), we recommend that frequent monitoring, treatment and stakeholders education on drinking water treatment techniques should be actively conducted particularly in rural areas in the state, country, region and continent.

这项研究评估了尼日利亚拉各斯的伊贝茹-莱基（Ebeju-Lekki）和埃佩（Epe）地方政府地区中三（3）个农村和城市地区的饮用水水质和相关的人类健康风险。对利益相关者进行了200份结构化问卷调查，并使用标准方法对微生物，物化，重金属和人类健康风险进行了评估，从研究区域的主要饮用水源中获取了样本。井和钻孔分别是农村和城市地区的主要饮用水来源。研究区域的饮用水样品中含有一种以上的致病细菌。除总有机碳（TOC）以外的理化参数均在尼日利亚饮用水水质标准（NSDWQ）的允许范围内。Cd和As的平均值超过了NSDWQ的最大允许极限。镉和砷的危险系数大于1，表明如果不对水进行处理，则有潜在的健康危险。为了在下一个十年（2030年）之前实现联合国关于清洁水和卫生设施的可持续发展目标6，我们建议应积极开展有关饮用水处理技术的定期监测，治疗和利益相关者教育，尤其是在该州的农村地区，国家，地区和大陆。