Neuroinflammation is important in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a promising target for neuroinflammation. The objective of this study was to compare ¹⁸F-DPA714, a second-generation translocator protein tracer, with ¹¹C-JNJ717, a novel P2X7R tracer, in vitro and in vivo in ALS. Methods: For the in vitro portion of the study, autoradiography with ¹⁸F-DPA714 and ¹¹C-JNJ717 was performed on human ALS brain sections in comparison to immunofluorescence with Iba1 and GFAP. For the in vivo portion, 3 male patients with early-stage ALS (59.3 ± 7.2 y old) and 6 healthy volunteers (48.2 ± 16.5 y old, 2 men and 4 women) underwent dynamic PET/MR scanning with ¹⁸F-DPA714 and ¹¹C-JNJ717. Volume-of-distribution images were calculated using Logan plots and analyzed on a volume-of-interest basis. Results: Autoradiography showed no difference in ¹¹C-JNJ717 binding but did show increased ¹⁸F-DPA714 binding in the motor cortex correlating with Iba1 expression (glial cells). Similar findings were observed in vivo, with a 13% increase in ¹⁸F-DPA714 binding in the motor cortex. Conclusion: In symptomatic ALS patients, ¹⁸F-DPA714 showed increased signal whereas ¹¹C-JNJ717 was not elevated.

神经炎症在肌萎缩性侧索硬化症（ALS）中很重要。P2X7受体（P2X7R）是神经发炎的有希望的目标。这项研究的目的是比较ALS体内和体外的第二代转运蛋白示踪剂¹⁸ F-DPA714与新型P2X7R示踪剂¹¹ C-JNJ717。方法：对于研究的体外部分，与使用Iba1和GFAP进行免疫荧光分析相比，在人ALS脑部进行了¹⁸ F-DPA714和¹¹ C-JNJ717放射自显影。对于体内部分，3例早期ALS（59.3±7.2岁）的男性患者和6例健康志愿者（48.2±16.5 y岁，2例男性和4例女性）进行了动态PET / MR扫描，^18例F-DPA714和¹¹ C-JNJ717。使用洛根图计算分布图像，并在关注体积的基础上进行分析。结果：放射自显影显示¹¹ C-JNJ717结合无差异，但确实显示了运动皮层中与Iba1表达相关的¹⁸ F-DPA714结合增加（胶质细胞）。在体内观察到类似的发现，运动皮层中¹⁸ F-DPA714的结合增加了13％。结论：在有症状的ALS患者中，¹⁸ F-DPA714显示信号增加，而¹¹ C-JNJ717没有升高。