HIV-related cardiovascular disease research is predominantly from Europe and North America. Of the estimated 37·9 million people living with HIV worldwide, 25·6 million live in sub-Saharan Africa. Although mechanisms for HIV-related cardiovascular disease might be the same in all people with HIV, the distribution of cardiovascular disease risk factors varies by geographical location. Sub-Saharan Africa has a younger population, higher prevalence of elevated blood pressure, lower smoking rates, and lower prevalence of elevated cholesterol than western Europe and North America. These variations mean that the profile of cardiovascular disease differs between low-income and high-income countries. Research in, implementation of, and advocacy for risk reduction of cardiovascular disease in the global context of HIV should account for differences in the distribution of traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors (eg, hypertension, smoking), consider non-traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors (eg, access to antiretroviral therapy with more benign cardiovascular disease side effect profiles, indoor air pollution), and encourage the inclusion of relevant risk reduction approaches for cardiovascular disease in HIV-care guidelines. Future research priorities include implementation science to scale up and expand integrated HIV and cardiovascular disease care models, which have shown promise in sub-Saharan Africa; HIV and cardiovascular disease epidemiology and mechanisms in women; and tobacco cessation for people living with HIV.

与艾滋病毒相关的心血管疾病研究主要来自欧洲和北美。全球估计有 37·900 万艾滋病毒感染者，其中 25·600 万生活在撒哈拉以南非洲地区。尽管所有艾滋病毒感染者中与艾滋病毒相关的心血管疾病的机制可能相同，但心血管疾病危险因素的分布因地理位置而异。与西欧和北美相比，撒哈拉以南非洲地区人口更年轻，血压升高的患病率更高，吸烟率更低，胆固醇升高的患病率也更低。这些差异意味着低收入国家和高收入国家的心血管疾病情况有所不同。在全球艾滋病毒背景下降低心血管疾病风险的研究、实施和倡导应考虑传统心血管疾病危险因素（例如高血压、吸烟）分布的差异，考虑非传统心血管疾病危险因素（例如，获得具有更多良性心血管疾病副作用（室内空气污染）的抗逆转录病毒治疗，并鼓励将相关的心血管疾病风险降低方法纳入艾滋病毒护理指南。未来的研究重点包括实施科学，以扩大和扩大艾滋病毒和心血管疾病综合护理模式，这些模式在撒哈拉以南非洲已显示出前景；女性艾滋病毒和心血管疾病的流行病学和机制；艾滋病毒感染者戒烟。