Surface irrigation, particularly furrow irrigation, is the most common method of water application into agricultural lands. Despite all its advantages, furrow irrigation has some demerits, such as a potential large volume of runoff losses. In this research, an approach was proposed to reduce runoff losses and to improve water flow characteristics by creating micro-dams, barriers inside the irrigated furrows. To control water flow and increase infiltration into the soil, experimental micro-dams were created at distances of 10 and 20 m, with a height of 5 cm. Field experiments were conducted at the research farm of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran in summer of 2018. Two erosive inflow rates (0.6 and 0.9 L/s) were considered. Furrow length and spacing were 100 and 0.75 m, respectively. Results indicated that micro-dams increased the advance time, leading to increased infiltration. Micro-dams also increased the recession time, due to the increase in overland water volume. Moreover, results showed that in treatments with micro-dams, runoff was reduced by up to 45.3% in comparison to the control treatment. The change in furrow cross-sectional area during the irrigation event was also reduced. Micro-dams showed a great potential to reduce irrigation runoff losses, and should be considered as a management practice aiming at water and soil conservation.

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微坝对沟灌水流特性的影响

地表灌溉，尤其是沟灌，是最常见的农田灌溉方法。尽管有所有优点，沟灌也有一些缺点，例如潜在的大量径流损失。在这项研究中，提出了一种方法来减少径流损失并通过在灌溉沟渠内建造微型水坝和屏障来改善水流特性。为了控制水流并增加对土壤的渗透，在 10 和 20 m 的距离处建造了实验性微型水坝，高度为 5 cm。田间试验于 2018 年夏季在伊朗卡拉季德黑兰大学农业与自然资源学院的研究农场进行。 考虑了两种侵蚀流入速率（0.6 和 0.9 L/s）。犁沟长度和间距分别为 100 和 0.75 m。结果表明，微型水坝增加了推进时间，导致入渗增加。由于陆上水量的增加，微型水坝也增加了衰退时间。此外，结果表明，与对照处理相比，在使用微型水坝的处理中，径流减少了 45.3%。灌溉事件期间犁沟横截面积的变化也减少了。微型水坝在减少灌溉径流损失方面显示出巨大潜力，应被视为一种旨在水土保持的管理实践。3% 与对照处理相比。灌溉事件期间犁沟横截面积的变化也减少了。微型水坝在减少灌溉径流损失方面显示出巨大潜力，应被视为一种旨在水土保持的管理实践。3% 与对照处理相比。灌溉事件期间犁沟横截面积的变化也减少了。微型水坝在减少灌溉径流损失方面显示出巨大潜力，应被视为一种旨在水土保持的管理实践。