Abdominal bloating and distension are 2 of the most commonly reported gastrointestinal symptoms. Abdominal bloating is characterized by symptoms of trapped gas, abdominal pressure, and fullness. Abdominal distension is defined as a measurable increase in abdominal girth. These symptoms frequently co-exist, although they can occur separately. Defined by Rome IV criteria, functional abdominal bloating and distension commonly coincide with other functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, and functional constipation. Abdominal bloating and distension can develop for multiple reasons, including food intolerances, a previous infection that perturbed the intestinal microbiota, disordered visceral sensation, delayed intestinal transit, or an abnormal viscero-somatic reflux. Treatment can be challenging to patients and providers—no regimen has been consistently successful. Successful treatment involves identifying the etiology, assessing severity, educating and reassuring patients, and setting expectations. Therapeutic options include dietary changes, probiotics, antibiotics, prokinetic agents, antispasmodics, neuromodulators, and biofeedback. We review the epidemiology and effects of chronic bloating and distension and pathophysiology, discuss appropriate diagnostic strategies, and assess available treatment options.

腹胀和腹胀是最常见的两种胃肠道症状。腹胀的特征是气体滞留、腹压和饱胀感。腹胀定义为可测量的腹围增加。这些症状经常同时存在，尽管它们可以单独出现。根据罗马 IV 标准定义，功能性腹胀和腹胀通常与其他功能性胃肠道疾病同时发生，例如功能性消化不良、肠易激综合征和功能性便秘。腹胀和腹胀可能由多种原因引起，包括食物不耐受、先前感染扰乱肠道微生物群、内脏感觉紊乱、肠道运输延迟或内脏-体细胞反流异常。治疗对患者和提供者来说可能具有挑战性——没有一种方案一直成功。成功的治疗包括确定病因、评估严重程度、教育和安抚患者以及设定期望。治疗选择包括饮食改变、益生菌、抗生素、促动力剂、解痉剂、神经调节剂和生物反馈。我们回顾了慢性腹胀和腹胀的流行病学和影响以及病理生理学，讨论了适当的诊断策略，并评估了可用的治疗方案。解痉药、神经调节剂和生物反馈。我们回顾了慢性腹胀和腹胀的流行病学和影响以及病理生理学，讨论了适当的诊断策略，并评估了可用的治疗方案。解痉药、神经调节剂和生物反馈。我们回顾了慢性腹胀和腹胀的流行病学和影响以及病理生理学，讨论了适当的诊断策略，并评估了可用的治疗方案。