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Drug trafficking, cattle ranching and Land use and Land cover change in Guatemala’s Maya Biosphere Reserve
Land Use Policy ( IF 6.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104578
Jennifer A. Devine , Nathan Currit , Yunuen Reygadas , Louise I. Liller , Gabrielle Allen

Drug trafficking organizations are driving deforestation in Guatemala’s Maya Biosphere Reserve. Drug traffickers deforest the protected area in order to illegally ranch cattle, which serves as a mechanism of money laundering, drug smuggling, and territory control. Journalists and ethnographers have analyzed “narco-cattle ranching” activities in the reserve and resulting “narco-deforestation,” yet land use change scientists have yet to quantify the contribution of illegal cattle ranching to forest loss. This article uses remote sensing and GIS analysis to distinguish the relative contribution of cattle ranching, farming, and land speculation to reserve deforestation and other forms of land use and land cover change. We also use ethnographic methods to provide evidentiary links between illegal cattle ranching and drug trafficking activities that suggest a large part, but not all, of illegal cattle ranching is narco-capitalized. Our research finds that illegal cattle ranching is responsible for the majority of reserve deforestation, ranging from 59 to 87% of photographs on deforested lands in three sampled areas. We also found illegal cattle ranching activities are the highest in the reserve’s western national parks, which should be strictly protected from land use change. Contrary to popular debate, these findings suggest drug traffickers in the context of the US-led War on Drugs are to blame for forest loss, not subsistence farmers illegally living in the reserve.

中文翻译:

危地马拉玛雅生物圈保护区的贩毒、养牛和土地利用和土地覆盖变化

贩毒组织正在推动危地马拉玛雅生物圈保护区的森林砍伐。毒贩砍伐保护区的森林以非法放牧牛,这是洗钱、毒品走私和领土控制的一种机制。记者和民族志学家分析了保护区内的“麻醉牛牧场”活动以及由此导致的“麻醉森林砍伐”,但土地利用变化科学家尚未量化非法牛牧场对森林损失的贡献。本文使用遥感和 GIS 分析来区分养牛场、农业和土地投机对储备森林砍伐和其他形式的土地利用和土地覆盖变化的相对贡献。我们还使用人种学方法来提供非法养牛场与贩毒活动之间的证据联系,这表明大部分(但不是全部)非法养牛场被麻醉资本化。我们的研究发现,大部分保护区森林砍伐都是由非法养牛造成的,在三个采样区域的森林砍伐土地上的照片中占 59% 到 87% 不等。我们还发现,保护区西部国家公园的非法养牛活动最为严重,应严格保护其免受土地用途变化的影响。与流行的辩论相反,这些调查结果表明,在美国领导的禁毒战争背景下,应该归咎于毒贩,而不是非法居住在保护区的自给农民。我们的研究发现,大部分保护区森林砍伐都是由非法养牛造成的,在三个采样区域的森林砍伐土地上的照片中占 59% 到 87% 不等。我们还发现,保护区西部国家公园的非法养牛活动最为严重,应严格保护其免受土地用途变化的影响。与流行的辩论相反,这些调查结果表明,在美国领导的禁毒战争背景下,应该归咎于毒贩,而不是非法居住在保护区的自给农民。我们的研究发现,大部分保护区森林砍伐都是由非法养牛造成的,在三个采样区域的森林砍伐土地上的照片中占 59% 到 87% 不等。我们还发现,保护区西部国家公园的非法养牛活动最为严重,应严格保护其免受土地用途变化的影响。与流行的辩论相反,这些调查结果表明,在美国领导的禁毒战争背景下,应该归咎于毒贩,而不是非法居住在保护区的自给农民。应严格保护其免受土地利用变化的影响。与流行的辩论相反,这些调查结果表明,在美国领导的禁毒战争背景下,应该归咎于毒贩,而不是非法居住在保护区的自给农民。应严格保护其免受土地利用变化的影响。与流行的辩论相反,这些调查结果表明,在美国领导的禁毒战争背景下,应该归咎于毒贩,而不是非法居住在保护区的自给农民。
更新日期:2020-06-01
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