In metal matrix composites, it is commonly a hard task to achieve synergistic strengthening and toughening effects between two-dimensional graphene and zero-dimensional nanoparticles (NPs) reinforcements due to their huge dimensional gap. Herein, we developed an in-situ solid-state reaction method to incorporate graphene nanosheets (GNSs) and WC_1-x NPs into copper matrix. It was proved for the first time by thermodynamics and crystallography calculations that the unusual γ-WC_1-x phase can be generated from the solid reaction and maintain stable at room temperature. Thanks to the unique distribution types of WC_1-x, i.e. intergranular or intragranular distribution while other parts anchored on the surface of the GNSs, Orowan strengthening and load transfer strengthening were simultaneously achieved in the composites. Meanwhile, the thermal conductivity was also measured to be equal to that of pure Cu, exhibiting a promising prospect in applications as advanced multifunctional structural materials.

在金属基复合材料中，实现二维石墨烯和零维纳米粒子（NPs）增强材料之间的巨大尺寸间隙通常是一项艰巨的任务。在这里，我们开发了一种原位固态反应方法，将石墨烯纳米片（GNSs）和WC _1-x NPs掺入铜基体中。热力学和晶体学计算首次证明，固相反应会生成不寻常的γ-WC1 _-x相，并在室温下保持稳定。得益于WC _1-x的独特分配类型在复合材料中同时实现了颗粒间或颗粒内分布，同时其他部分锚固在GNS的表面上，同时实现了Orowan增强和载荷传递增强。同时，热导率也被测量为等于纯铜的热导率，在作为高级多功能结构材料的应用中显示出有希望的前景。