Introduction

Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder associated with loss of hypocretin cells characterized by irrepressible need to sleep, often accompanied by cataplexy, sleep fragmentation, hypnagogical and hypnopompic hallucinations, and sleep paralysis. It is also correlated with alterations in the sleep–wake cycle, dysautonomia, olfactory dysfunction, and eating disorders.

Methods

This is a review about influence of narcolepsy on human olfaction. Pubmed, Embase, Ovid and Cochrane databases were searched for articles on the evaluation of olfactory function in narcoleptic patients including terms as narcolepsy, olfaction disorder, amongst others.

Results

Seven articles met the inclusion criteria. In five of them, the olfaction of narcoleptic patients was diminished in comparison with healthy control groups. The diagnosis of narcolepsy relates to worse performance in olfactory tests.

Experimental researches showed that hypocretin and hypocretin receptors are present in the olfactory system, and this neuropeptide may have a role on olfactory sensitivity and on the olfactory modulation. The cause of hyposmia appears to be multifactorial. Among them, it stands out the hypocretin deficiency, therefore, that seems to be involved in the olfactory impairment in narcoleptic patients.

中文翻译：

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嗜睡症对嗅觉功能的影响：审查。

介绍

发作性睡病是一种与降血糖素细胞丧失有关的睡眠障碍，其特征是无法抑制的睡眠需求，通常伴有瘫痪，睡眠碎裂，催眠和催眠幻觉以及睡眠麻痹。它也与睡眠-觉醒周期，自主神经功能异常，嗅觉功能障碍和进食障碍的改变有关。

方法

这是关于发作性睡病对人类嗅觉影响的综述。在Pubmed，Embase，Ovid和Cochrane数据库中搜索有关麻醉性嗅觉患者嗅觉功能评估的文章，包括嗜睡症，嗅觉障碍等术语。

结果

七篇文章符合纳入标准。与健康对照组相比，在其中五个中，麻醉性患者的嗅觉降低了。发作性睡病的诊断与嗅觉测试中较差的表现有关。

实验研究表明，嗅觉系统中存在降钙素和降钙素受体，该神经肽可能对嗅觉敏感性和嗅觉调节起作用。低渗的原因似乎是多因素的。在它们当中，突出显示的是促胰降血糖素缺乏症，因此，这似乎与发作性精神病患者的嗅觉障碍有关。