Abstract This paper presents the results of physical modelling tests carried out in a geotechnical drum centrifuge to investigate the impact forces of submarine slide at debris flow stage acting on pipelines with various incident angles. The UK kaolin clay was used and normally consolidated clay samples were prepared at 40 g level. For each incident angle condition, the impact velocity was changed from 0.23 to 94.2 mm/s, and the influence of impact velocity and impact angle at low Re value are discussed. The present tests data were analyzed by geotechnical approach proposed by Randolph and White (2012). Then, a failure envelope was fitted to describe the impact force on pipeline caused by oblique debris flow. It was found that the normal bearing factor calculated by the present envelope was much lower than the result calculated by existing CFD envelope. While the frictional factor calculated by the present envelope was slightly higher than that of existing CFD envelope. By comparing the slide conditions of CFD calculations and present centrifuge tests, it should be noted that the present envelope was more appropriate to evaluate the impact force on pipeline due to slide with low impact velocity. When the Reynolds number was higher than 3, the existing CFD envelope was maybe more appropriate to evaluate the impact force on pipeline.

中文翻译：

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软黏土不同冲击角度下主动管道土荷载离心模型

摘要 本文介绍了在岩土滚筒离心机中进行的物理建模试验结果，以研究泥石流阶段海底滑坡对不同入射角管道的冲击力。使用英国高岭土，并以 40 克的水平制备正常固结的粘土样品。对于每个入射角条件，冲击速度从 0.23 到 94.2 mm/s，并讨论了在低 Re 值下冲击速度和冲击角度的影响。目前的测试数据是由 Randolph 和 White (2012) 提出的岩土方法分析的。然后，拟合破坏包络线来描述斜向泥石流对管道的冲击力。发现当前包络计算的法向轴承系数远低于现有CFD包络计算的结果。而当前包络计算的摩擦系数略高于现有 CFD 包络的摩擦系数。通过比较 CFD 计算的滑动条件和目前的离心机试验，应该注意到，目前的包络线更适合评估由于低冲击速度的滑动对管道的冲击力。当雷诺数大于 3 时，现有的 CFD 包络可能更适合评估对管道的冲击力。应该指出的是，目前的包络更适合评估由于低冲击速度的滑动对管道的冲击力。当雷诺数大于 3 时，现有的 CFD 包络可能更适合评估对管道的冲击力。应该指出的是，目前的包络更适合评估由于低冲击速度的滑动对管道的冲击力。当雷诺数大于 3 时，现有的 CFD 包络可能更适合评估对管道的冲击力。