Two types of early spring Hungarian honeys, purchased as rape (Brassica napus L.) and ramson (Allium ursinum L.) honeys were identified and characterized. The 42 samples originated from various geographical locations, harvested in two different years. The unifloral origin of rape honeys was supported using melissopalynological analysis, while the samples marketed as ramson honeys were of multifloral origin with predominantly fruit tree or rape pollen grains. Color intensity and antioxidant capacities measured with 4 methods differed in uni- and multifloral honeys, but location and year of harvest had no influence within the honey types. Correlations were observed among antioxidant capacity values and color. The analysis of elements showed that essential elements were present in higher amounts in multifloral honeys, while in rape honeys the influence of geographical origin was observed. The concentrations of several toxic elements were below the detection limit (<0.1 mg kg⁻¹) in the samples, indicating their good quality. Microscopical pollen analysis of honeys was used effectively to confirm their botanical origin, which was the most important factor to influence all of the measured parameters. Pollen spectrum, antioxidant potential and element content of honeys all served as useful indicators of their quality. Because of the large number of samples, this multi-level study provides reliable data about two types of early spring Hungarian honeys both for producers and consumers.

两种类型的早春匈牙利蜂蜜，分别以油菜（Brassica napus L.）和拉姆森（Allium ursinum）购买L.）蜂蜜经过鉴定和表征。这42个样本来自不同地理位置，分别在两年内收获。油菜蜂蜜的单花起源由蜜粉虱学分析支持，而作为拉姆森蜂蜜销售的样品是多花起源的，主要是果树或油菜花粉粒。用四种方法测得的颜色强度和抗氧化能力在单花型和多花型蜂蜜中有所不同，但在蜂蜜类型中，位置和收获年份没有影响。在抗氧化剂容量值和颜色之间观察到相关性。元素分析表明，多花蜂蜜中必需元素含量较高，而油菜蜂蜜中则观察到地理来源的影响。^-1），表明其质量良好。蜂蜜的显微花粉分析被有效地用于确认其植物来源，这是影响所有测量参数的最重要因素。蜂蜜的花粉光谱，抗氧化能力和元素含量均可以作为蜂蜜质量的有用指标。由于样本数量众多，这项多层次研究为生产者和消费者提供了关于两种早春匈牙利蜂蜜的可靠数据。