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Innovation development in forest ecosystem services: A comparative mountain bike trail study from Austria and Switzerland
Forest Policy and Economics ( IF 4 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102158
Jerylee Wilkes-Allemann , Alice Ludvig , Karl Hogl

Over the last decade, outdoor recreation has changed from passive (such as relaxation) to much more active (such as mountain biking) activities. Recreational infrastructure, such as mountain bike trails, often consists of technically innovative projects in urban forest areas. However, these projects tend to pose serious challenges to forest managers and forest owners, e.g., liability and cost issues, as well as diverging stakeholder interests. Our research goal is to address the specific governance processes, seeking to tackle such challenges and develop and implement recreational infrastructure. We examine two questions: (i) what led to develop the innovation and (ii) how were negotiations transformed into satisfying results considering their challenges? The article analyzes innovation from a governance perspective, considering stakeholders, stakeholder interactions and the outcomes of these interactions. Based on case studies concerning the establishment of two mountain bike trails located in urban forest areas of Austria and Switzerland, we examine the role innovation plays and analyze the underlying decision-making processes. This research is based on several empirical sources, including seven semi-structured interviews. The findings suggest that (i) the processes underlying and surrounding the conflicts have reached unexpected complexity, (ii) the solutions found have high innovation potential in terms of the resulting institutional and organizational changes, and (iii) the trails and their institutional arrangements are subject to constant change and thus may be considered dynamic processes.

中文翻译:

森林生态系统服务的创新发展:来自奥地利和瑞士的山地自行车道比较研究

在过去十年中,户外休闲活动已从被动(例如放松)转变为更加主动(例如山地自行车)的活动。休闲基础设施,例如山地自行车道,通常由城市森林地区的技术创新项目组成。然而,这些项目往往会给森林管理者和森林所有者带来严重的挑战,例如责任和成本问题,以及利益相关者利益的分歧。我们的研究目标是解决特定的治理过程,寻求应对此类挑战并开发和实施娱乐基础设施。我们研究了两个问题:(i)是什么导致了创新的发展以及(ii)考虑到他们面临的挑战,谈判如何转化为令人满意的结果?本文从治理的角度分析了创新,考虑了利益相关者,利益相关者的互动以及这些互动的结果。基于在奥地利和瑞士城市森林地区建立两条山地自行车道的案例研究,我们研究了创新所扮演的角色并分析了潜在的决策过程。本研究基于多个经验来源,包括七个半结构化访谈。研究结果表明,(i) 冲突背后和周围的过程已经达到了意想不到的复杂性,(ii) 所找到的解决方案在由此产生的制度和组织变革方面具有很高的创新潜力,以及 (iii) 路径及其制度安排是受不断变化的影响,因此可以被视为动态过程。基于在奥地利和瑞士城市森林地区建立两条山地自行车道的案例研究,我们研究了创新所扮演的角色并分析了潜在的决策过程。本研究基于多个经验来源,包括七个半结构化访谈。研究结果表明,(i) 冲突背后和周围的过程已经达到了意想不到的复杂性,(ii) 所找到的解决方案在由此产生的制度和组织变革方面具有很高的创新潜力,以及 (iii) 路径及其制度安排是受不断变化的影响,因此可以被视为动态过程。基于在奥地利和瑞士城市森林地区建立两条山地自行车道的案例研究,我们研究了创新所扮演的角色并分析了潜在的决策过程。本研究基于多个经验来源,包括七个半结构化访谈。研究结果表明,(i) 冲突背后和周围的过程已经达到了意想不到的复杂性,(ii) 所找到的解决方案在由此产生的制度和组织变革方面具有很高的创新潜力,以及 (iii) 路径及其制度安排是受不断变化的影响,因此可以被视为动态过程。我们研究了创新所扮演的角色并分析了潜在的决策过程。本研究基于多个经验来源,包括七个半结构化访谈。研究结果表明,(i) 冲突背后和周围的过程已经达到了意想不到的复杂性,(ii) 所找到的解决方案在由此产生的制度和组织变革方面具有很高的创新潜力,以及 (iii) 路径及其制度安排是受不断变化的影响,因此可以被视为动态过程。我们研究了创新所扮演的角色并分析了潜在的决策过程。本研究基于多个经验来源,包括七个半结构化访谈。研究结果表明,(i) 冲突背后和周围的过程已经达到了意想不到的复杂性,(ii) 所找到的解决方案在由此产生的制度和组织变革方面具有很高的创新潜力,以及 (iii) 路径及其制度安排是受不断变化的影响,因此可以被视为动态过程。
更新日期:2020-06-01
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