Abstract Marine biofouling refers to the undesirable growth and adhesion of marine organisms such as barnacles, macroalgae and microbial slimes on immersed structures. Biofouling composition is determined by collecting samples from marine structures and vessels and analyzing them in laboratories. Alternatively, an approach of online sensing based on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), which consists of analysis of the spectral emission from laser-induced plasma, can be considered for the elemental composition of biofouling. The study of marine biofouling using LIBS has not been attempted previously. In the present work, a laboratory-scale LIBS technique is used to analyze biofouling samples and its constituent common water-borne algae and bacterial species. First, LIBS database is created under controlled conditions for the selected biofilm constituent algae (Nitzschia sigma and Chaetoslorenzianus) and bacterial (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, E.coli) species. LIBS spectra are also acquired for Biofilm samples grown on Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) and Stainless steel (SS) 316 L substrates suspended at a depth of 1 m in the tropical Indian Ocean. The studies are carried out for fouling growth period of 5, 10, 15 and 20 days in the intertidal region at a distance of 480 m from the shore. The study shows that the LIBS technique combined with the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) can be used for acquiring the spectra of biofouling species, its rapid classification and studying the growth characteristics. The LIBS database would serve as a means for early identification of marine fouling bacteria and algae species.

中文翻译：

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用于生物污垢分析和污垢成分分类的纳秒激光诱导击穿光谱

摘要 海洋生物污垢是指海洋生物如藤壶、大型藻类和微生物粘液在浸没结构上的不良生长和粘附。生物污垢成分是通过从海洋结构和船只收集样本并在实验室中进行分析来确定的。或者，可以考虑基于激光诱导击穿光谱 (LIBS) 的在线传感方法，该方法包括分析激光诱导等离子体的光谱发射，用于生物污垢的元素组成。以前没有尝试过使用 LIBS 研究海洋生物污垢。在目前的工作中，实验室规模的 LIBS 技术用于分析生物污垢样品及其组成的常见水生藻类和细菌物种。第一的，LIBS 数据库是在受控条件下为选定的生物膜成分藻类（Nitzschia sigma 和 Chaetoslorenzianus）和细菌（铜绿假单胞菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌）物种创建的。对于在热带印度洋中悬浮在 1 m 深度处的纤维增强塑料 (FRP) 和不锈钢 (SS) 316 L 基材上生长的生物膜样品，还获得了 LIBS 光谱。研究在距离海岸 480 m 的潮间带区域进行了 5、10、15 和 20 天的污垢生长期。研究表明，LIBS技术结合主成分分析（PCA）可用于生物污垢物种光谱的获取、快速分类和生长特性研究。