Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are two major diseases of the lung with high rate of mortality, mostly among tobacco smokers. The glycosylation patterns of various plasma proteins show significant changes in COPD and subsequent hypoxia, inflammation and lung cancer, providing promising opportunities for screening aberrant glycan structures contribute to early detection of both diseases. Glycoproteins associated with COPD and lung cancer consist of highly sialylated N-glycans, which play an important role in inflammation whereby hypoxia leads to accumulation of sialyl Lewis A and X glycans. Although COPD is an inflammatory disease, it is an independent risk factor for lung cancer. Marked decrease in galactosylation of plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) together with increased presence of sialic acids and more complex highly branched N-glycan structures are characteristic for COPD and lung cancer. Numerous glycan biomarkers have been discovered, and analysis of glycovariants associated with COPD and lung cancer has been carried out. In this paper we review fundamental glycosylation changes in COPD and lung cancer glycoproteins, focusing on IgG to provide an opportunity to distinguish between the two diseases at the glycoprotein level with diagnostic value.

中文翻译：

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慢性阻塞性肺疾病和肺癌中糖蛋白的生物标志物和分析，特别关注血清免疫球蛋白G。

慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）和肺癌是高死亡率的两种主要肺部疾病，主要发生在吸烟者中。各种血浆蛋白的糖基化模式显示出COPD的显着变化以及随后的缺氧，炎症和肺癌，为筛选异常的聚糖结构提供了有希望的机会，有助于早期发现这两种疾病。与COPD和肺癌相关的糖蛋白由高度唾液酸化的N-聚糖组成，它们在炎症中起重要作用，低氧导致唾液酸化路易斯A和X聚糖的积聚。尽管COPD是一种炎症性疾病，但它是肺癌的独立危险因素。血浆免疫球蛋白G（IgG）的半乳糖基化显着减少以及唾液酸的存在增加以及更复杂的高度分支的N-聚糖结构是COPD和肺癌的特征。已经发现了许多聚糖生物标志物，并且已经进行了与COPD和肺癌有关的糖变异体的分析。在本文中，我们综述了COPD和肺癌糖蛋白的基本糖基化变化，重点是IgG，从而提供了在糖蛋白水平上区分两种疾病的机会，具有诊断价值。