Predictive learning exerts a powerful influence over choice between instrumental actions. Nevertheless, how this learning is encoded in a sufficiently stable manner to influence choices that can occur much later in time is unclear. Here, we report that the basolateral amygdala (BLA) encodes predictive learning and establishes the memory necessary for future choices by driving the accumulation of delta-opioid receptors (DOPRs) on the somatic membrane of cholinergic interneurons in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAc-S). We found that the BLA controls DOPR accumulation via its influence on substance P release in the NAc-S, and that although DOPR accumulation is not necessary for predictive learning per se, it is necessary for the influence of this learning on later choice between actions. This study uncovers, therefore, a novel GPCR-based form of memory that is established by predictive learning and is necessary for such learning to guide the selection and execution of specific actions.

预测性学习对工具动作之间的选择产生了强大的影响。然而，尚不清楚如何以足够稳定的方式对这种学习进行编码以影响可能在很晚之后发生的选择。在这里，我们报告基底外侧杏仁核（BLA）编码预测性学习，并通过驱动伏隔核壳（NAc-S）胆碱能中间神经元的体细胞膜上的δ阿片类受体（DOPR）积累来建立未来选择所需的记忆。 ）。我们发现，BLA通过其对NAc-S中P物质释放的影响来控制DOPR积累，并且尽管DOPR积累对于预测性学习本身不是必需的，但对于这种学习对以后在动作之间进行选择的影响来说却是必需的。因此，本研究发现